The Importance of Oil in Saudi Arabia Essay - 848 Words

Crude oil is such an essential part of our modern lives that we can often take for granted that our supply of it will remain constant. Small, unstable countries often hold great amounts of this precious resource, along with the ability to cut our supply in a moment’s notice. Therefore, the discovery of oil in Saudi Arabia caused a dramatic increase in the revenue of the country. Saudi Arabia’s newfound wealth was exploited to serve the political and economic needs of an opportunistic Islamic monarchy, while the concerns and rights of its subjects were consistently cast to the wayside. Through a global trade network, Saudi Arabia found great prosperity at the cost of sacrificing its founding principles. Stability of the Arabian Peninsula†¦show more content†¦Meanwhile, the United Nations Statistics Division reported in 2001 that 3.6 million, or almost 15 percent of people in Saudi Arabia live in substandard slum housing. This is unacceptable for a country that possesses the incredible wealth of oil production, and shows that the government of Saudi Arabia only cares for its citizens when it is convenient for it to do so. The Saudi Arabian government’s disregard for the welfare of its citizens also extends to unashamed Human Rights violations. According to reports conducted by both Amnesty International (2007) and the Human Rights Watch (2004), Saudi Arabia has denied many of the freedoms described in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, despite being a member of the UN. Instead, Saudi Arabia directly follows the body of Islamic shari’a law. However, these laws do not seem to offer any protection to the residents of Saudi Arabia. Indeed, shari’a law is even more hostile to the foreign workers who make up about a third of the population of the Saudi kingdom. It was previously mentioned that oil revenue allowed for the modernisation of education in Saudi Arabia. Within the context of human rights, it is then important to note that there is a great disparity between the rates of literacy of men and women (CIA, 2008). This indicates a society that places more importance on educa tion of boys than of girls. Unfortunately for Saudi Arabia, their oil profitsShow MoreRelatedConstruction Industry In Saudi Arabia892 Words   |  4 PagesSaudi Arabia is the largest free market economy in the Middle East and North Africa, with a 25% share of GDP, and its geographical location provides easy access to export market in Europe, Asia and Africa. It is know that the main income of the Saudi economy is oil, which makes Saudi Arabia rank to be first in the world in oil precaution, oil production and oil exportation to reach 25% of the total wold oil precaution and other natural resources including a large range of industrial raw materialsRead MoreYEMEN INSTABILITY DIRECTLY EFFETS on OPERATIONS in the HORN of AFRICA1455 Words   |  6 Pagesre-emphasizes the importance of Global War on Terrorism mission sets. AQAP establishes training camps, strong recruiting, and bases of operations to continue jihad against the Western world emanate from Yemen. CJTF-HOA will need to b e mindful of Western policy, which focuses on degrading AQAP’s leadership. Saudi Arabia’s longtime influence may help with the stability mission but to defeat the AQAP is on their relationships with tribes in Yemen may prove successful if Saudi Arabia is willing to supportRead MoreMajor Challenges Facing Higher Education859 Words   |  4 Pages Major Challenges Facing Higher Education in Saudi Arabia In Saudi Arabia, the Ministry of Higher Education in 2015 became a part of the ministry of education once again. After King Salman became a king, he issued a royal order in 2015 to merge the Ministries of Higher Education and The Ministry of Education (New Saudi King, 2015). It is now only called The Ministry of Education (MOH). By 1938, oil was discovered in huge amounts in Saudi Arabia and by 1950 there were 365 schools educating 42,000Read MoreImpact of OPECs Oil Pricing on the Petroleum Market784 Words   |  3 PagesEnergy resources are essential for national security, technological development, overall contemporary life style, etc. In this respect, oil is the main source for worldwide economy. Peak oil would imbalance countries economical situations and may lead to a chain reaction with negative effects on multiple layers. Evidently, there is mutual interest to prevent such a thing from happening but the possibility is nevertheless considered. OPECs initial goal to ensure stab le prices on petroleum marketsRead MoreAmerica s Strategic Thinkers Who Think Asia Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pagesopinion that â€Å"the US’s strategic thinkers who think Asia is more important than the Middle East, are said to be not understanding the situation of the States in today’s international context, and the affections onto its interests. Considering the importance of the Middle East to Asia will be the focus of this paper, in which the writer agreed with the assumption. Moreover, there will be reasons why the Middle East is ‘still’ more important than Asia, along with comparison for each. And by the end ofRead MoreThe Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia877 Words   |  4 Pages In Saudi Arabia I am sure that there is probably more than one language spoken there but the number one language is Arabic. Did you know that the Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia has that biggest continuous desert, in the world. Saudi Arabia is a country located in the Middle East surrounded by water, and desert. Saudi Arabia is also known for being the 15th largest export economy in the world. Saudi Arabia is an amazing country. And I hope you enjoy these pages filled with more wonderful facts about theRead MoreThe Current Hostilities Between Yemen And Saudi Arabia Today1366 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are the underlying factors, cultural differences, and outside intervention leading up to the current hostilities between Yemen and Saudi Arabia today? To answer some of these fundamental questions, I will use the relevant aspects of the five core ideas about the social conflict which are championed by Louis Kriesberg and Bruce Dayton’s book â€Å"Constructive Conflicts.† Kriesber g and Dayton posit that that social conflicts are universal, and can be beneficial; social conflicts are waged with varyingRead MoreSaudi Aramco : A Fully Integrated Global Enterprise1204 Words   |  5 PagesCompany: Saudi Aramco Headquarters: Saudi Aramco is headquartered in Dhahran, between the two cities Dammam and Al-Khobar in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia on the coast of the Arabian Gulf. Number of Employees: Employs more than 61,000 employees worldwide from 77 countries. 2013 or 2014 Profit/Loss: Saudi Aramco is by far the biggest energy company in the world, generating more than $1 billion a day in revenues. Saudi Aramco s value has been estimated at anywhere between US$1.25 trillionRead MoreSaudi Arabia And The Middle East Case Study1486 Words   |  6 PagesSaudi Arabia and the United States: The Honeymoon’s End is in Sight Obama’s victory started a new era in dealing with the Middle East, despite the fact that U.S foreign policy remains tied to its interests in internal security, the economy, and welfare. The U.S policy is being dictated by its personal interests and political parties that stick to the same lines, but differ in some minor ways of implementation. The implementation of this policy serves pubic interest and employs strategy that ensuresRead MoreOil And Natural Gas : A Source Of Strategic Power956 Words   |  4 PagesOil and Democracy in Middle East Fossil energy (i.e. coal, oil and natural gas) is generally considered as a main force that drives innovation of new technology and highly developed economy around the world from industrial revolution. It is also the â€Å"lifeblood† of the global economy and takes up 80% of world’s net primary energy supply. However, due to the huge exposure of oil reserves in Persian Gulf after World War I, geopolitical struggles and potential conflicts surrounding fossil energy

Sexual Frustration as the Root of Evil Essay - 1222 Words

Sexual Frustration as the Root of Evil Sigmund Freud contends that people develop neuroses as a result of frustration. Freud’s essays on this topic postulate that sexual repression may result in aggressive behavior. These two elements emerge in the characters in Macbeth. In Freud’s book, Civilization and its discontents, he takes the premise even farther by correlating severe sexual frustration with the onset of psychoses. In regard to Macbeth, I believe that Macbeth and Lady Macbeth portray this spiral into psychosis as a result of their frustration. We can prove this by first looking at the ideologies of Freud, and then relating it to the downfall of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Freud was†¦show more content†¦A typical Freudian example of this would focus on sex. Sex is pleasurable; the desire for sexual pleasure, according to Freud, is one of the oldest and most basic urges that all people feel. However, we cannot have sex every time we desire. If we did, we could not accomplish the work we need to complete and maintain appropriate social behaviors and relationships. Therefore, we have to sublimate most of our desires for sexual pleasure, and turn that sexual energy into something else—such as writing a paper, or playing sports. Freud tells us that, without the sublimation of our sexual desires into more productive realms, there would be no civilization. The pleasure principle makes us want things that feel good, while the reality principle tells us to channel the energy elsewhere. But the desire for pleasure doesnt disappear, even when its sublimated in to work. The desires that cant be fulfilled are packed, or repressed, into a particular place in the mind, which Freud labels the unconscious. Whatever route is taken into the unconscious, what you find there, according to Freud, is almost always about sex. The contents of the unconscious mind consist primarily of sexual desires which have been repressed. 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Financial Accounting and Reporting providedâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Financial Accounting and Reporting? Answer: As per the provided letter, the managing directors of Grandmas Kitchen Limited have raises three specific issues regarding the accounting process of the organization. After observing all the issues, one can guess that all the three issues are crucial issues in the preparing of the financial report of the organization. After the observation of these three issues, the possible solutions are provided below: The first issue is about the recording of credit sales of the company. As per the mentioned issue, there are three types of customers in the company. They are retail customers, wholesale distributors and several cafes, motels and others. In order to increase the business and to reach to many customers, the organization has decided to provide credit facilities to all types of customers of the company. After the selling of the products, the business representatives of the company use to make the invoice of the sales. After the issue of sales invoice, the customers are provided a time of one month to make the payment. After receiving the money from the customers, the selling entries are made and the amount is sent to the bank. However, as per the finance director and Charada Flam, this process is incorrect and this is a wrong process indeed. As per the accounting principles, it is the responsibility of the business organizations to register all the processes related to sales. As per the current practice of recording the sales revenues, the organization does not record the entry of credit sales at the time of occurrence of the sales of the products. In order to get the track of all the selling processes, the business organizations need to record the entry of credit sales in the financial books of the organization. In order to do this, the business organizations need to pass the necessary journal and ledger entries for credit sales. After receiving the sales revenue, the company needs to adjust this entry with the credit sales entries to get the current and accurate result. There are several advantages of this process (Giles 2014). This process will assist in establishing coordination among the aspects of credit sales and cash sales and with the help of this accounting process; the possibility of accounting error becomes less. In addition, this process will be helpful for the auditors at the time of conducting the audit operations. This process will make all the sal es related information available for the auditors and will bring transparency in the organization. Hence, it is advices to Grandmas Kitchen to change the process of the record of sales revenue according to the provided procedure (Droms and Wright 2015). As per the accounting principles, the business organizations need to show the fixed assets of the business organization in the financial statement. In addition, the revenue generated from those fixed assets need to be considered as sales revenue (Zhang and Xu 2013). In the present situation of Grandmas Kitchen, the manufacturing designer of the company have manufactured a machine that has been helpful for the production operations of the company. With the assistance of this process, the production time per batch of the company has reduced to 2 hours less per batch. As the machine has been invented within the organization, the production process has only taken $80,000 for the purchase of the required materials. As per the calculation of the factory manager of the company, the estimated fair value of the machine is $225,000. It can be said that the advised process of the factory manager of the company to treat the new machine is a fair and good process. The machine is treated as a fixe d asset of the company and it is providing good services to the manufacturing process of the company. In addition, the factory manager is asked by two other companies to build the same machine for them. This process is increasing the goodwill of the company as well. Hence, there is a fare scope for the company to treat the machine as the fixed asset of the company (austlii.edu.au 2017). However, the company needs to follow certain steps to treat this. First, the company needs to derive the fair value of the machine as per the market price that the factory managers has already done (Sreekumar and Pavithran 2015). After that, the particular machinery needs to be shown in the assets side of the balance sheet of the company as on 30 June 2017. Lastly, the earned revenue from that particular machine needs to be shown in the treading account of the company for the year ended 30 June 2017 as sales revenue. The company needs to follow this process for the treatment of the new asset (Garca?T eruel, Martnez?Solano and Snchez?Ballesta 2014). Allowance for doubtful debt is done out of the profit of the company. Due to this allowance of doubtful debt, the amount of profit decreases. In case of Grandmas Kitchen, the required rate for the allowance of doubtful debt was 2% on the sales revenue, but due to the fault of the clerk, the rate is wrongly charged to 0.02% on sales revenue. Certain procedures are available for this treatment. In case of the prior period of making the trial balance, 2-.02= 1.98% needs to be charged against the sales revenue and the entry will be adjusted (aasb.gov.au 2017). After the completion of the trial balance, the detection of this error will be adjusted with the help of suspense account and necessary notes needs to be given about the adjustment of this entry. In case the error is detected after the completion of trial financial statement, the additional percentage that is 1.98% needs to charged against the net profit of the company to adjust the less amount (legislation.gov.au 2017). In the fin ancial statement of the company, the necessary notes of this adjustment needs to be mentioned. Before the adjustment, it needs to be determined that in which level the error has occurred. References Aasb.gov.au. (2017).Accounting standards. [online] Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/Pronouncements/Current-standards.aspx [Accessed 15 May 2017]. Austlii.edu.au. (2017).CORPORATIONS ACT 2001. [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/ [Accessed 15 May 2017]. Droms, W.G. and Wright, J.O., 2015. Finance and accounting for nonfinancial managers: All the basics you need to know. Basic Books. Garca?Teruel, P.J., Martnez?Solano, P. and Snchez?Ballesta, J.P., 2014. Supplier financing and earnings quality. Journal of Business Finance Accounting, 41(9-10), pp.1193-1211. Giles, R., 2014. Finance Accounting New 4th Edition. Lulu. com. Legislation.gov.au. (2017).Corporations Act 2001. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00003 [Accessed 15 May 2017]. Sreekumar, K. and Pavithran, K.B., 2015. Management Accounting Practices and Organisational Performance: A Study of Environmental and Organisational Antecedents as Perceived by Finance and Accounting Managers in the Manufacturing Sector in India (Doctoral dissertation, Cochin University of Science and Technology). Zhang, M. and Xu, T., 2013. Auditor-customer Private Relationship and Audit Quality: Based on the Audit Fee and Opinion. In Accounting Forum (Vol. 1, p.

Intellectual Property Notes Essay Example

Intellectual Property Notes Essay One of the most valuable and neglected property of yours! OR You might be neglecting one of your most valuable properties! OR One of the most valuable properties of yours! If you ask someone walking down the street and ask him â€Å"What is a property? † Brand  is a name, design, symbol, or any other feature that identifies one sellers good or service as distinct from those of other sellers. What is a brand? * Brand  is a name, design, symbol, or any other feature that identifies one sellers good or service as distinct from those of other sellers.Example: Coca Cola  is a brand which is the intellectual property of The Coca-Cola Company. Apple is a brand which is the intellectual property of Apple Inc. * It is the most valuable fixed asset of any corporation. * Branding is a concept where consumers buy ‘the brand’ instead of the product. * Brand name, logo, design and any other attributes associated with it, are part of the brand and eventually part of intell ectual property. * Brand is a part of intellectual property. What is Intellectual Property (IP)? It is a legal concept, which refers to the creations of mind for which exclusive rights are recognized. * Creations of mind include: * inventions * literary and artistic works * formulas * symbols * names * images * designs used in commerce. * IP involves patents, copyright, trademarks, designs, brands etc. * It can also be defined as â€Å"information with a commercial value†. Types of intellectual property * Trademarks, including service marks * Copyright and related rights * Geographical indications * Industrial designs * Patents * Layout-designs (topographies) of integrated circuits Undisclosed information, including trade secrets Categories of Intellectual Property (IP) * IP is divided into two categories: 1. Industrial property: * inventions (patents) * trademarks * industrial designs * geographic indications of source 2. Copyrights Rights: a. Copyrights: i. literary works * novels * poems * plays * films * musical works ii. artistic works * drawings * paintings * photographs * sculptures * architectural designs b. Rights related to copyright: iii. performances of performing artists, iv. producers of phonograms in their recordings, . Broadcasters in their radio and television programs. Copyright  © * It is the â€Å"right to copy†, a form of â€Å"intellectual property† applicable to any expressible form of an idea or information that is distinct and applicable. * A legal concept in which a set of exclusive rights are granted to the creator/owner of an original work for a limited period of time to protect the originality of work piece. * They do not extend beyond the territory of a specific state unless that state is a party to the international agreement of ‘Copyright’. It is moral and economic right of authors, writers, publishers, performers and producers of sound recordings (phonograms). * The duration of copyright pro tection is life time of the author plus 50 years thereafter. The Exclusive Rights of Copyright  © * Only the copyright holder is free to exercise exclusive rights while others are prohibited from using the work without the copyright holder’s permission. * Major exclusive rights include: * To produce copies or reproductions of the work and to sell those copies (including electronic copies) * To import or export the work To create derivative works (adaptation from original work) * To perform or display the work publicly * To sell or assign copyrights to others * To transmit or display by radio or video Categories of Copyright Work/Registration Intellectual Property Organization (IPO), Pakistan has categorized the Copyright work/registration into following: Part-I:  Literary works * Books, * Magazines, * Journals, * Lectures, * Sermons, * Dramas, * Novels, * Computer Programs and * Compilation of Data Part-II:  Artistic works * Paintings, * Photographs, * Maps, * Charts, C alligraphies, * Sculptures, * Architectural Works, * Drawings, * Label Designs, * Logos, * Monograms etc. Part-III:  Cinematographic works * Motion Pictures, * Video Cassettes, * VCD’s, * DVD’s  Ã‚   etc. Part-IV:  Records Works * Audio Cassettes * CDs What is Copyright Infringement/Piracy? * It is the unauthorized and illegitimate use of materials held by copyright. * Infringing the copyright holder’s â€Å"exclusive rights†. * The copying of â€Å"intellectual property† without written permission from the copyright holder. What are Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)? IPR are the rights given to persons over the creations of their minds. * They usually give the creator an exclusive right over the use of his/her creation for a certain period of time. * IPR are customarily divided into two main areas: c. Copyright and rights related to copyright: The rights of authors of literary and artistic works (such as books and other writings, musical co mpositions, paintings, sculpture, computer programs and films) are protected by copyright, for a minimum period of 50  years after the death of the author. . Industrial property: Industrial property can usefully be divided into two main areas: vi. Protection of distinctive signs, in particular trademarks and geographical indications to ensure fair competition and to protect consumers, by enabling them to make informed choices. vii. Other types of industrial property are protected primarily to stimulate innovation, design and the creation of technology such as inventions (protected by patents), industrial designs and trade secrets.The protection is usually given for a finite term (typically 20 years in the case of patents). What is WIPO? * WIPO was established in 1967 and stands for World Intellectual Property Organization. * In 1974, WIPO joined the system of United Nations, becoming one of 15 specialized UN agencies dedicated to the use of intellectual property to encourage innov ation and creativity. * WIPO has currently 185 member states, which accounts for more than 90 percent of the countries of the world. These member states determine the strategic direction and activities of the Organization by meeting in the assemblies, committees and working groups which are WIPO decision-making bodies. What does WIPO do? * WIPO is to promote innovation and creativity for the economic, social and cultural development of all countries, through a balanced and effective international intellectual property system through: * Services systems which make it easier to obtain protection internationally for patents, trademarks, designs and labels of origin; and to resolve IP related disputes. Laws helping in developing the international legal IP framework in line with society’s evolving needs. * Infrastructure by building collaborative networks and technical platforms to share knowledge and simplify IP transactions, including free databases and tools for exchanging info rmation. * Development by building capacity in the use of IP to support economic development. How WIPO Works? * The WIPO Convention sets out terms governing WIPO’s mandate, functions, finances and procedures. * WIPO works with a wide spectrum of takeholders, including other inter-governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, representatives of civil society and industry groups. * Some 250 NGOs and IGOs currently have official observer status at WIPO meetings. * WIPO has 185 member states which collectively determine the direction, budget and activities of the Organization through the decision-making bodies. WTO-WIPO cooperation agreement 1995 * The WTO and WIPO cooperation agreement was signed in 1995 and share a mutually supportive relationship.What is Geographic Indication (GI)? * According to the TRIPS Agreement, a GI identifies a good as originating in a particular territory where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin (Article 22. 1). * GI does not only say where the product was made, it identifies the products special characteristics, which are the result of the product’s origins. * Well-known examples include â€Å"Champagne†, â€Å"Scotch†, â€Å"Tequila†, and â€Å"Roquefort† cheese. Wine and spirits makers are particularly concerned about the use of place names to identify products, and the TRIPS Agreement contains special provisions for these products. But the issue is also important for other types of goods. * Using the place name when the product was made elsewhere or when it does not have the usual characteristics can mislead consumers, and it can lead to unfair competition. * The TRIPS Agreement says countries have to prevent this misuse of place names. Some exceptions are allowed, for example if the name is already protected as a trademark or if it has become a generic term. * For example, â€Å"cheddar† now refers to a particular type of cheese not necessarily made in Cheddar, in the UK. But any country wanting to make an exception for these reasons must be willing to negotiate with the country which wants to protect the geographical indication in question. Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) * WTO negotiated an agreement with WIPO by introducing intellectual property rules into the trading system, known as TRIPS. The policies to protect intellectual property include granting of patents, trademarks and copyrights. * TRIPS contains requirements that nations laws must meet for copyright rights, including the rights of performers, producers of sound recordings and broadcasting organizations; geographical indications, industrial designs; integrated circuit layout-designs; patents; monopolies for the developers of new plant varieties; trademarks; trade dress; and undisclosed or confidential information. TRIPS also specifies enforcement procedures, remedies, an d dispute resolution procedures. * It establishes minimum levels of protection that each government has to give to the intellectual property of fellow WTO members. * It strikes a balance between the long term benefits and possible short term costs to society. * Society benefits in the long term when intellectual property protection encourages creation and invention, especially when the period of protection expires and the creations and inventions enter the public domain. The TRIPS agreement covers five broad issues: * Application of basic principles of the trading system and other international intellectual property agreements. * Giving adequate protection to intellectual property rights. * Enforcement by countries of these rights adequately in their own territories * Procedure to settle disputes on intellectual property between members of the WTO * Special transitional arrangements during the period when the new system is being introduced. TRIPS requires member states to provide st rong protection for intellectual property rights. * Under TRIPS: * Copyright terms must extend at least 50 years, unless based on the life of the author. (Art. 12 and 14) * Copyright must be granted automatically. (Art. 9) * Computer programs must be regarded as literary works under copyright law and receive the same terms of protection. * Patents must be granted for inventions in all fields of technology provided they meet all other patentability requirements and must be enforceable for at least 20 years (Art 33). Exceptions to exclusive rights must be limited (Art. 13 Art  30) * Legitimate interests of third parties have to be taken into account by patent rights (Art  30). What is WTO? * WTO stands for World Trade Organization, which was established on 1st January, 1995 with its head-quarters located at Geneva, Switzerland. As on 24 August, 2012, WTO has 157 countries as members. What does WTO do? * WTO operates and deals with a system of trade rules between nations on a glob al or near-global level. * It is an organization for trade opening. It is a forum for governments to negotiate trade agreements, to settle trade disputes with aims for liberalizing trade. * It is a place where member governments try to sort out their trade problems with each other. Functions of WTO * Administering WTO trade agreements * Forum for trade negotiations * Handling trade disputes * Monitoring national trade policies * Technical assistance and training for developing countries * Cooperation with other international organizations WTO- Purpose * WTO settles trade related disputes among countries involving conflict of interests. WTO is all about negotiations and everything done by WTO is the result of negotiations, which are signed by the bulk of world’s trading nations. * These documents provide the legal ground rules for international commerce and are essentially contracts, which bind governments to keep their trade policies within agreed limits. * The goal of such c ontractual bindings is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers to conduct their business, while allowing governments to meet social and environmental objectives. WTO helps trade flow as freely as possible, as long as there are no undesirable side-effects. * It ensures that individuals, companies and governments know what the trade rules are around the world while giving them confidence that there will be no sudden changes of policy as the rules have to be â€Å"transparent† and â€Å"predictable†. WTO Trade Barriers * Trade liberalization or free trade involves the removal of trade restrictions or barriers on the free exchange of goods between nations. * Trade barriers include custom duties or tariffs and non-tariffs barriers, such as import bans or quotas restrictions. WTO negotiations have helped to liberalize trade by lowering these trade barriers especially for countries which have faced them and wanted them lowered. * However, WTO rules support maintaining trade barriers in some circumstances such as consumer protection, environment protection and disease prevention. WTO Agreements * WTO agreements cover principles of liberalization such as: * Transparent trade policies * Procedures in place for settling disputes * Lowering tariffs and barriers etc. * Any change in policies would have to be notified to WTO.WTO- Basic Trading Rules or Principles * Non-Discrimination: e. This rule has two major components which are incorporated in major WTO rules on goods, services and intellectual property. viii. The Most Favored Nation (MFN) Rule: A WTO member countries cannot discriminate between their trading partners e. g. if a country grants special favor to another country, the same will have to be granted to all other WTO members. ix. National Treatment Policy: Imported and locally-produced goods should be treated equally. * Freer Trade: f.To liberalize trade, lowering trade barriers including custom duties, tariffs, import bans or quotas restricting quantities selectively gradually through negotiations. g. It also discourage the use of quotas used to set limits on quantities of imports as it can lead to more accusations of unfair play or non-tariff barriers such as red tape, which involves agreements dealing with various bureaucratic or legal issues causing hindrances to trade such as import licensing, rules for the valuation of goods at customs, pre-shipment inspection involving further checks on imports, investment measures and rules of origin such as made in where? tc. * Predictability through binding transparency: h. WTO’s multilateral trading system is an attempt to make the business environment more stable and predictable while making countries’ trade rules as clear and public (â€Å"transparent†) as possible. * Promoting Fair Competition: WTO agreements support fair competition especially in agriculture, intellectual property, services, etc. Encouraging development and ec onomic reform: WTO system contributes to development by allowing countries to implement trade liberalization programs with flexibility of time. WTO Pakistan * Pakistan has been a WTO member since its inception and is one of the founder Members of the WTO since its inception. * Pakistan has been following an export led growth strategy since market access is of vital importance for its businesses.

Analyse the methods Charlotte Bronte uses to make the reader empathise with Jane Eyre Essays

Analyse the methods Charlotte Bronte uses to make the reader empathise with Jane Eyre Essays Analyse the methods Charlotte Bronte uses to make the reader empathise with Jane Eyre Paper Analyse the methods Charlotte Bronte uses to make the reader empathise with Jane Eyre Paper this shows shes aware that shes further down in the family and she just shrugs it off. She just seems ignored and unwanted in the family, and she knows that theres nothing she can do so had learnt to live with it. John Reed looks for Jane Eyre, as she is hiding behind the curtain with her book. Jane Eyre and John Reed have totally opposite personalities, as Jane is the innocent type that would just shrug her shoulders and move on. Whereas John Reed is the type who thinks he is higher than everybody else and will bully any poor soul that would take it, for example Jane Eyre. Jane Eyre gives a long description about him; giving the reader an impression that he is fat, and not the nicest looking child, . Large and stout for his age, with a dingy and unwholesome skin; thick lineaments in a spacious visage, heavy limbs and large extremities. Jane Eyre and John Reed do not get on at all as he is horrible to her, as Jane tells us how terrified of him she is, for example every nerve I had feared him, and every morsel of flesh in my bones shrank when he came near. There were moments when I was bewildered by the terror he aspired. The servants knew how John Reed was to poor Jane Eyre, but did not dare say anything to their young master as Jane tells us; the servants did not like to offend their young master by taking my part against him, and Mrs reed was blind and death of the subject: Jane Eyre seems to be being sarcastic about her aunt being blind and death, maybe because she doesnt want to say anything as it shows that she would be sticking up for Jane Eyre, so ignores it and pretends shes not seen anything. For an example of how master John Reed talks to Jane Eyre, and for the look you had in your eyes two minutes since, you rat! this is not a very nice way to talk to someone, and the word rat is usually associated wi th the words disgusting, dirty, vermin, diseases and scavenger and for a child to say that to another is not a very nice thing to do. John Reed is a very demanding child as he was asking her questions like what were you doing behind the curtain? and Jane answers really honestly I was reading she just gave a simple answer as she is scared of him so wont dare be cheeky to him. Show the book he replies, making the reader feel empathy for her as he is being so demanding towards her but she just takes it and hands over the book. You ought to beg, and not to live here with gentlemens children like us, and this shows the reader that Jane is unwanted in the family, especially by John Reed. It shows that shes really low down in the family and you cant get any lower han being a homeless beggar, thats how low John Reed thinks of her. Then he goes on to talk about the house going to be his, this shows that he hasnt a care in the world, even about his mum, as the house will be his when his mother dies. He says all the house belongs to me, or will do in a few years. So suspects his mum will be dead in a few years time. Charlotte Bronte uses several acts of violence to create suspense and mystery in the novel, as Jane Eyre gets a book thrown at her, as it says in the novel; I saw him lift and poise the book and stand in act to hurl it t hit me, and I fell, striking my head against the door and cutting it. The cut bled, the pain was sharp: my terror had passed its climax; other feelings succeeded. Here charlotte Bronte uses short snappy sentences to create a feeling of empathy. Jane Eyre got really angry, so was fighting back with John Reed; wicked and cruel boy she said. I felt him grasp my hair and my shoulder; he had closed with a desperate thing. I really saw in him a tyrant, a murderer. I felt a drop or two of blood trickling down my neck. this shows she has a reason for why she is fighting back, and again makes the reader feel empathy for her. Towards the end of chapter one Charlotte Bronte uses alliteration well for example fury to fly and picture of passion of which is also emotive language. She uses alliteration again in the beginning of chapter two, moments mutiny this is also an emotive and powerful phrase. Hold her arms, miss abbot, shes like a mad cat. This shows aggression towards Jane Eyre, and they are physically and emotionally suppressing her. When they talk about the word cat it again gives an impression to the reader that she is some sort of uncivilised wild animal and should be locked up. The reader may also think of a cat being fiery. Bessie (the servant) says if you dont sit still, you must be tied down they are treating her like a prisoner, yet she is only ten years of age. As incredulous of my sanity here Jane Eyre seems to have overstated the problem, making it sound worse than it actually is. Abbot described Jane Eyre as an underhand little thing. This isnt a very nice way to talk to a ten year old, and makes her sound evil. She also describes her as a thing. A thing may mean a human or an animal, as she has been described as an animal a few times in the novel, for example when Abbot calls her a mad cat and John Reed called her a rat. All these animal phrases give a negative affect to the novel. It is also a really strong use of emotive language, along with; painful and crushing, which is emotional and very negative, passionate and rude, and strike her dead these are good examples of how well Charlotte Bronte has used emotive language. Miss Abbot was saying about Jane Eyre, god will punish her: he might strike her dead in the midst of her tantrums. Jane Eyre is only a child, and thats something you dont say to a child, it may be suggesting she going to hell. Jane Eyre got locked in the red-room; this is a room where Mr. Reed had died in, so wasnt a very nice room for a child to be in, and was only visited occasionally, once a week by the housemaid to wipe the mirrors and the furniture a weeks quiet dust and Mrs Reed came in at far intervals to review the contents of a certain secret drawer in the wardrobe. The chairs were of dark polished old mahogany this shows the reader that the family must be wealthy, as mahogany is a very rare wood. The idea of mahogany adds to the whole idea of the red-room. Charlotte Bronte used the words red-room very well as its a good selective choice of wording, as its alliteration and its one that the reader will remember. The colour choice reflects on her life stage as she is just at the start of adolescence, where her periods will start and the colour also may be associated with anger and passion. It also tells us that the furniture is dark. It was silent as she was describing the room, it is like the room has almost taken her voice away, and gives a negative atmosphere. Being put in the red-room makes the reader feel sorry for Jane Eyre as she is only a child and is being treated unfairly. Describing the room again; also white and like a pale throne gives a deathly feel to the room, and is a ghostly colour giving the reader an impression that its used to create a negative feel to the novel. It sounds like Jane Eyre is starting to get hot and angry, and maybe a bit rebellious as she said my blood was still warm her mind also seems to becoming disturbed as she uses words like tyrannies, proud indifference and turned up in my disturbed mind Again these are all negative words, and again create empathy towards Jane Eyre. We know that Jane Eyre is understandably not happy about being in the red-room, so is slightly stubborn, being a typical child when they havent got what they want, she says she is going to let herself die; never eating or drinking more and letting myself die In the next paragraph of the novel the reader will feel empathy again towards Ja ne Eyre as she says I was termed naughty and tiresome, sullen and sneaking from. As we know she is not really naughty and is very innocent. Charlotte Bronte uses a persuasive technique by using a group of three words together, these were humiliation, self-doubt, forlorn depression. again this creates a really strong feeling of empathy by the reader. She then goes on to say I wiped my tears making the reader feel sorry for her as she isnt in the wrong and hasnt done anything wrong so shouldnt be punished. Jane Eyre seems slightly disturbed and obsessed with death as she is talking about dead men. Then Jane Eyre believes something is near, a light gleamed on the wall. Was it, I asked myself, a ray from the moon penetrating some aperture in the blind? No; moonlight was still, and this stirred; it was almost as if her mind was playing tricks on her and it was slightly superstitious. She may feel that somethings coming to get her, as shes alone and scared. Towards the end of chapter two Jane Eyre says to her Aunt Reed, O Aunt! Have pity! Forgive me! makes the reader feel sorry for her as she is only a ten year old child, begging her aunt to forgive her, its not often that a child of the 21st century would have the need to do that. Overall, I feel Charlotte Bronte has created empathy in the novel as I felt it towards her. The way Charlotte Bronte used a poor girl, with a rich family really worked well, as the rich family looked down upon Jane Eyre, (the poor girl) and thats what people did in the 19th century, and some still do it today, but not as much as then. Charlotte also used excellent use of emotive language, as it created empathy from the reader. The first two chapters of the novel has made me think more about the children with no parents, living with family or friends that dont really want them around! They must feel down and negative all the time.

Free Essays on Family Ties

FAMILY TIES: THE BONDS BETWEEN LOVE AND FAMILY A Friend In Need The lifestyles developed by the four families in the video, FAMILY TIES – THE NATURE OF FAMILY, are as different as their home countries. The people from Kenya, India, Italy and the USA have adapted a certain way at looking at their situations and making the best with what they have, whether that is a polygamous lifestyle, an extended family a patrilocal life or a blended marriage. George, from Kisumu, Kenya has four wives. That may come off as strange or wrong in our western way of life, but it works for him and his family. George isn’t a bad husband or father. He built separate homes for his wives and is even working on homes for his children. The women don’t all like the polygamous lifestyle but apart from tradition, convenience may sometimes win over monogamy. For Monica, George’s fourth wife, that is just the case. She had three children from a previous relationship and couldn’t afford to look after them. She married George because she knew he could take care of the four of them and love her as well. All of his wives are all free to come and go as they please, but after spending so much time in a certain way of life, it becomes the norm. The oldest wife has the most problem with it, but the way of thinking is, that once a woman reaches a certain age, she is of little use to the mans sexual needs and so in turn he looks to other s to fulfill them. His wives and children farm the land that George owns and occupies. He then sells the goods they grow to make money to support them all. The women who farm the lands don’t actually make the money and now that more and more women in Kenya are going out and making money for themselves the polygamous lifestyle is slowly diminishing. They begin to make money for them selves and soon start demanding husbands for themselves. The family from Madras, India has a patrilocal family. The wife moved in to the hous... Free Essays on Family Ties Free Essays on Family Ties FAMILY TIES: THE BONDS BETWEEN LOVE AND FAMILY A Friend In Need The lifestyles developed by the four families in the video, FAMILY TIES – THE NATURE OF FAMILY, are as different as their home countries. The people from Kenya, India, Italy and the USA have adapted a certain way at looking at their situations and making the best with what they have, whether that is a polygamous lifestyle, an extended family a patrilocal life or a blended marriage. George, from Kisumu, Kenya has four wives. That may come off as strange or wrong in our western way of life, but it works for him and his family. George isn’t a bad husband or father. He built separate homes for his wives and is even working on homes for his children. The women don’t all like the polygamous lifestyle but apart from tradition, convenience may sometimes win over monogamy. For Monica, George’s fourth wife, that is just the case. She had three children from a previous relationship and couldn’t afford to look after them. She married George because she knew he could take care of the four of them and love her as well. All of his wives are all free to come and go as they please, but after spending so much time in a certain way of life, it becomes the norm. The oldest wife has the most problem with it, but the way of thinking is, that once a woman reaches a certain age, she is of little use to the mans sexual needs and so in turn he looks to other s to fulfill them. His wives and children farm the land that George owns and occupies. He then sells the goods they grow to make money to support them all. The women who farm the lands don’t actually make the money and now that more and more women in Kenya are going out and making money for themselves the polygamous lifestyle is slowly diminishing. They begin to make money for them selves and soon start demanding husbands for themselves. The family from Madras, India has a patrilocal family. The wife moved in to the hous...

Recommended IT problems to solve on Peachtree Essay

Recommended IT problems to solve on Peachtree - Essay Example If each facility contains a diverse system, the whole workflow slows down because of the need to learn varied system and time period necessary to study the different components of the systems and the way they work. Actually â€Å"BHS slice its readmission speed in half, contagion rate dropped considerably, providing sick people with a visibly better client experience† (king, 2011). According to Candace’s information, the CIO, she feels the organization should change so as to remain aggressive due to their being in a state where she believes they are not innovating but treading water. As a part of IT organization, innovation should be a major aspect of the inspiration while others prolong to innovate as well as use IT assets to offer their institutions with a cutthroat advantage. The issue in question here is, the CEO and CIO seem not to be sailing in the same boat and usually CIOs have an excellent solution to present to CEOs so as to establish whether there is possibil ity of a way forward. There are latest technologies on the sphere and as Candice feels those might pay off, there is no entire . There are new technologies on the horizon and while Candice believes those persuasion and therefore, does not intend to try implementation of things like SOA in the whole organization without knowing if it will work. Unluckily with no information from other providers of healthcare who use SOA architecture not much is there to verify even if configuration of sole modules will solve the challenges that they have. In many ways I believe that extension of the whole firm to use SOA is completely getting away from where the firm is today. This move may be a burden than what the current systems and staff can bear. Consequently, it results to complete failure in approach to leverage and manage IT infrastructure. He has a better explanation to be anxious about the motive as it is probable that overhauling the entire system may cause a complete damage as a result of the current complexity of existing system. Instead of concentrating on entirely redoing the whole system, the firm should aim at those systems which are more expensive to maintain and burdensome and get ways to fasten the ones using standardization. The aim in this case will be a slow approach to fasten and will need minimum time upfront. Moreover, the new software or system parts could be tested on single locations first with having not to acquire a wide adoption if the whole idea was to fail. The firm clearly cannot assume by not acting as the present situation they are in will probably cost them in competing with other organization that have invested other enterprise structures or SOA to manage operations in large scale. The firm should think of hiring an external professional to revise potential systems which may be a resolution to problems at hand. Standardization is important here as it provides for a lower cost system making provision for extra resources to be invested in th e forthcoming IT projects. A gradual approach turns out to be a good way to ensure success in future. Every commentator definitely gives a different perception on what they think should be a resolution to Peachtree. Firstly, George the Kaiser CEO believes that the approach they take into consideration is based on a belief that there is need for change and not on the basis of business needs that will tend to move them to the best

Capital Investment Proposal of Mineral Plc Essay - 8

Capital Investment Proposal of Mineral Plc - Essay Example The objective of this report, therefore, is to consider the soundness of the proposed capital investment from the angles of financial feasibility, country risk of Medco Republic and the foreign exchange risk in undertaking transactions in the currency of Medco Republic as against the British Pounds as the investments the commitment of substantially larger sums by the Company to be recouped over a longer period. The analysis is based on a review of the net cash flows from the project using the recognized capital budgeting evaluation methods of Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR), taking the weighted average cost of capital of the Company of 15% as the hurdle rate and the rate for discounting the present value of future cash flows from the project.Financial Feasibility The financial feasibility of any capital investment proposal can be judged based on the ability of the project to enhance the shareholders’ wealth by contributing positive net cash inflows from the proposed investments. Just any other domestic capital project is being evaluated, for the international investments can also be evaluated by calculating the ‘Net Present Value’ (NPV) future cash flows expected out of the project. The NPV of the project depends on the initial investment or initial cash flow, expected future cash flows and the cost of capital. Based on the comparison of the NPV of the future cash flows with the proposed capital investment the feasibility of the project can be established. While working out the NPV the effect of the factors like Sales creation (additional sales), cannibalization (loss of sales), opportunity cost, transfer pricing and fees and royalties on the future cash flows should be taken into account. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR ) is the other criterion that needs to be carefully looked into while deciding on the capital investment.In the case of the proposed capital investment proposals, the NPV and IRR from the projects have been worked out and exhibited in the Appendix. From the NPV calculations, it is observed that the project has a negative net present value which implies that the project is not acceptable.

Practical Research and Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Practical Research and Design - Essay Example The leaders were informed of the problems found from the research. Suggestions were put forward to help solve these problems. Leaders were also advised and encouraged to attend courses that give lessons about good leadership. Since these problems have persisted for many years, the outcomes mean that the leaders of the university lacks lack proper leadership skills especially in managing and organizing their classes and labs. In addition, the lack of adequate finances to equip the labs and finance classroom needs means that the budget of the finance department has faults. This in turn leads to late graduation of students. From my reflections, I learnt that organizing ones work is essential, since it paves way for the next step. I also learnt that it is importance to pursue what I have accomplished and to adjust any decisions that need alterations. I also acquired great leadership skills from the resources I used during the research. The research also involved other participants such as my supervisor, the finance department of the university and the supervisor of the university lab. Form this issue; I have learnt that great leadership is essential for the survival and excellence of any organization, such as a school. A good leader should always motivate his/her working team and always create new ways of doing something (White, 1). In reference to the system, I learnt that leadership should be excellent in all areas of an organization to ensure the smooth running of the organization. The process taught me how to organize my work and always implement one step after the other. White, Barbara. Six Important Managerial Skills For Successful Leadership, September 14, 2005. Retrieved on November 29, 2011 from

Theories of Dyslexia and Strategies for Intervention

Theories of Dyslexia and Strategies for Intervention Drawing on current research, module content and your own professional practice critically consider dyslexia as a syndrome incorporating a spectrum of difficulties. Consider the implications of your theoretical understanding for policy, practice and provision within your school. Over recent years there have been many different definitions of dyslexia. It seems that it is almost impossible to define a disability that affects individuals in so many different ways and to so many different degrees in one agreed definition. The republic of Ireland has adopted this definition for themselves which blatantly relates to the fact that this a disability which is part of a continuum of needs, Dyslexia is manifested in a continuum of specific learning  difficulties related to the acquisition of basic skills in reading,  spelling, writing and/or number, such difficulties being  unexpected in relation to an individuals other abilities. The Adult Dyslexia Association has this as part of their definition Every dyslexic person is different and should be treated as an individual. Many show talents actively sought by employers and the same factors that cause literacy difficulties may also be responsible for highlighting positive attributes such as problem solving which can tap resources which lead to more originality and  creativity. ( Schloss 1999) These definitions show the degree of individuality that is present amongst dyslexic learners. It also highlights the fact there are so many positive aspects to being dyslexic that are easily overlooked. The views held by these definitions are implicit , dyslexia encompasses a whole range of difficulties along a spectrum of need. Dyslexia is a very common disability. According to the British Dyslexia Association around 5 10% of the population are affected. Dyslexia impacts on a persons ability to read and wite, thus affecting all areas of education. The severity of dyslexia varies form person to person and ranges form mild to severe. There are many aspects of dyslexia and many other disorders that are co-morbid. According to the dyslexia Institute Dyslexia is, Not related to intelligence, race or social background. Dyslexia varies in severity and often occurs alongside other Specific Learning Difficulties such as Dyspraxia, Attention Deficit Disorder, resulting in variation in the degree and nature of individuals strengths and weaknesses. To have any success in helping these learners to develop their literacy skills we must take full cognisance of their individual manner of working, Reid (2001) states: Dyslexic children are first and foremost individuals and while they may share some common difficulties there are individual differences. Many of the issues facing dyslexic pupils can be adequately remediated with the correct environment and specific teaching strategies. Dyslexia is not something to be cured but if these strategies are applied with recognition of individual differences in learning styles they can be effective as by pass strategies. There is no one definitive intervention as each dyslexic learner is an individual and has an individual need. It is about observing and assessing the specific needs of a specific pupil and adapting an intervention that will address this particular need at this particular time. There are no two dyslexic persons with identical needs and dyslexia occurs across the range of learning abilities. Theory of Dyslexia In order to understand dyslexia fully and to consider the implications for policy and practice it is imperative that the causes of dyslexia are investigated. Frith (1995) views dyslexia as a causal model framework suggesting there are three levels of descriptions for better understanding dyslexia- biological, cognitive and behavioural. The biological description implies that dyslexia is hereditary, Gene markers for dyslexia have been found in chromosome 15 (Smith, Kimberling, Pennington and Lubs 1983 as cited in Reid, G 2001) If one parent is dyslexic there is a 50% chance that any of his/her children will inherit dyslexia Hull learning services This could have a major impact for recognising at risk dyslexics early on and putting measures in place to assist with learning difficulties or differences. Frith also suggests that dyslexia has a cognitive basis and suggests that there is something different in the way dyslexic students process information (quote Fawcett, 2001 regarding metacognition and automaticity). Many dyslexic people have difficulties with short term memory, working memory, metacognition and automaticity. Others have problems with phonological processing and cannot process sounds easily and have problems in a range of areas requiring language skill. Sequencing can also be an issue for some dyslexics. Frith believes there is interaction between these factors causing the behavoural issues of a dyslexic learner in terms of reading difficulties, spelling difficulties and often poor memory and organisational difficulties. Some dyslexia appears to manifest itself or have its root in visual difficulties. In my experience many dyslexic students are helped greatly by the use of coloured paper and coloured overlay to avoid visual stress. Tinted glasses can be useful too in avoiding glare, movement in the text, headaches and eye strain. Traditionally, there have been two main models of Dyslexia. One is that it is perceived to be a discrepancy model whereby a pupil appears to have a higher level of intelligence compared to their reading ability. Snowling, 2000 suggests that this may not hold true as many pupils may have a limited literacy experience at home and are therefore bound to have a lower than expected reading age. Conversly, A dyslexic child my have found their own coping strategies and so difficulties could be masked for a long time. A dyslexic child may come form a literacy rich background and the sheer emersion in this and hard work of parents may also compensate for the difficulties. This makes the diagnosis more difficult. Dyslexia has also been viewed as a deficit model whereby a pupil is lacking in literacy skills and because of this is unlikely to succeed. Many would disagree and will argue that there are a great deal of successful dyslexics who have found a way to compensate for their difficulties and use their differences in learning style to their advantage. Being dyslexic simply means a different way of learning and therefore as educators we may need to find a different way of teaching. Some positive attributes often associated with dyslexia is good visual, spatial and lateral thinking skills. The implications for these traditional views are that interventions currently taking place may not be any where near the solution for dyslexia difficulties. If we are to provide any kind of meaningful solution for these pupils we need to do a great deal more observation and analysis to uncover the specific difficulties. If we are ignoring strengths and concentrating on the weaknesses of these learners we are doing pupils an injustice and adding to the issues of self esteem and confidence. Therefore, there is a challenge for all teachers to actually understand dyslexia and meet the dyslexic learners need. These types of learners like any learner have their own individual needs and strengths. Nicholson and Fawcett In particular, if one can identify the underlying cause of a childs potential difficulties before they are manifested, it should be possible to give pro-active support, to the extend that the child will not fail to learn to read, and will not suffer the comitant emotional and educational devastation. Early Intervention If Dyslexia is caught early enough it may that there is less need for intervention. (Critical learning period) Many would argue that it is too late to help pupils beyond the age of 6 , according to bodien 2007 intervention at 6 80% successful, 9 40%, 10-12, 10%.. Research as shown that by this time parts of the brain have shut down. Early and accurate diagnosis will ensure the best possible intervention for a pupil with this difficulty. Drawing on my own experience as a secondary school teacher there are some dyslexic learners that no matter what is put in place still do not make adequate progress in the area of literacy. These pupils need to be given a means of coping in school without having to rely on reading and writing. Continually teaching the same method of reading for the 10th or consecutive year or longera in a row is clearly not working. Some of the dyslexic learners at my school who have made he most progress with literacy have despite all the schools effort found their own way of unlocking words and becoming better readers. The fault of the school lies in insisting all pupils lear n to read in the same manner. One particular severely dyslexic pupil I recall has become a fluent reader by devising his own syllable breaking rule which I find difficult to comprehend but has been a way of accessing materials previously incomprehensible. To have continued using phonics programme with this pupil would have been pointless and exasperating to this pupil. On the other hand this form of remediation has been extremely helpful to another pupil and has meant access to a range of learning opportunities. Certain areas of education have recently been heavily backing linguistic phonics as the solution to all literacy difficulties as we can see according to., Nicholson and Fawcett, It may also be true that appropriate treatment for a given child depends critically on the specific underlying cause(s) of their difficulties, rather than just the general reading symptoms displayed Fawcett, Nicholsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..200? P6 ( dyslexia, learning and the brain) There are many differences between dyslexic pupils both n the manner in which problems arise and in the severity of the problems. Enrolled at any school there are pupils with dyslexia ranging form mild to moderate to severe. Each of these pupils may be affected by their dyslexia in very different ways. Schools need to be able to provide opportunities for dyslexic learners to learn in their own style. A certain degree of flexibility needs to be applied to the way in which notes are taken and homework submitted. Dyslexic learners also need to have plenty of opportunities to work to their own strengths and have adequate support for their own specific areas of weakness. Specialist one to one teaching needs to be put In place also. This is particularly helpful in specifically showing a pupil survival and bypassing techniques so that the pupil can be as fully included in the curriculum as the other non-dyslexic learners within the organisation. Without support within an organisation dyslexic learners are at risk from a number of negative outcomes from being dyslexic. Some psychosocial factors may come into play to a greater or lesser extent depending on the individual. Thompson describes the daily public humiliation of dyslexic children at school and states failure is experienced every time dyslexics are asked to undertake any literacy, which happens many times at school. Thompson, p 214. The effects of this are far reaching and potentially disatrous for any student, causing daily stress, anxiety and can also be the victims of bullying by other students and indeed by teachers in their lack of understand and inappropriate labelling Thompson p216 In order to be fully included within the curriculum there are devices which could be vital to some dyslexic learners. The use of ICT has proven to be very effective in providing the kind of support necessary to access the curriculum. On the market nowadays are a variety of technical aids. Some pupils are greatly helped by the use of voice activated software and can produce work more in line with their academic ability when the need for written accuracy is removed. At the other end of the extreme from this is the use of hand held spell-checkers which can be an unobtrusive way of removing the problem of poor spelling. All of these devices have their downside also and require expert use and the acquisition of particular skills such as keyboarding. and practice by the dyslexic leaner and the compatibility with the kinds of work and arrangements in schools. Being diagnosed with dyslexia is a long and difficult process. There are so many factors in place. Certainly the intervention and amount of intervention varies from school to school and indeed even from pupil to pupil depending on parental pressure and even finance. It has been argued by Wise, Ring and Olsen (1999) as cited in Reid G 2001 that the actual type of phonological awareness training was less important than the need to actually embed the training within a well structured and balanced approach to reading. Many schools now in Northern Ireland are adopting the Linguistic Phonics approach to teaching reading and remediating reading. It could be argued that this is a useful beginning strategy for may people with literacy needs but for many dyslexic pupils it could add to the confusion and is not an adequate intervention for all dyslexic learners. Fawcett 2002, argues that difficulties often arise from confusion between cause, symptom and treatment and that grouping symptoms without understanding cause can lead to inappropriate treatment. Another important implication here is the fact that a dyslexic pupils needs will change over time and will schools be ready to change the intervention. If we are not constantly assessing these needs we could be seriously letting our pupils down. The implications for this are far reaching. The amount and quality of help is inequitable. As a practitioner I realise there are a great deal of areas within my organisation that need to be upturned, examined and seriously modified. There are some pupils in my school who receive specialist help from a dyslexic tutor. Someone who is qualified to get to the real heart of problems and devise a programme that will be meaningful to dyslexic children. There are others who fall below the threshold for this help and there interventions can be hit and miss at best. This has to be examined. Ofsted doc 2006 promotesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. We are left with the question. How good will provision be if a specialist teacher is not available for all? The Department of Education is promoting the idea of a dyslexia friendly school. The emphasis being placed on every teacher to deal with Dyslexia and not the role specifically of a specialist teacher. The British Psychological Society came up with a definition in 1999 which has major implications for the manner in which we address dyslexia in schools, implies that the problem is severe and persistent despite appropriate learning opportunities. It provides the basis for a staged process of assessment through teaching. The first major implication of this sometimes contested definition is that the ultimate responsibility for assessment lies within schools themselves. This places the responsibiity upon teachers to address these persistent and severe issues and provide the appropriate remediation. Every school should have procedures and structures in place to deal with the issue of dyslexia. A programme of assistance should be in place for all dyslexic learners to help overcome difficulties faced and in the long term to prevent the negative psycho-social aspects to this different approach to learning. To cover all aspects of difficulties the programmes should incorporate phonics, reading and spelling. It should be in line with the developmental stage of the learner and constantly reassessed and reviewed to ensure that it is effective. Above all it should be set up to provide dyslexic learners with a degree of success to compensate for thr low self esteem often experienced by trying to access materials and learners presnted in a manner that it is inaccessible to them. The Dyslexia Friendly School guidelines are a useful framework for Dealing with dyslexia. The success of the schools programme will be down to how individual teachers plan their lessons, how well the school is resourced and the quality of the teaching. The question remains will this be sufficient. The British Dyslexia association in its article states Dyslexia friendly schools are able to identify and respond to the unexpected difficulties that a dyslexic learner may encounter Intervention requires precision teaching, specialist intervention one to one. In reality we require materials that will support differentiation to facilitate access to the full curriculum. ( Reid, 2003). All dyslexic learners like any learner has unique needs, strengths and areas that need to be supported. Brooks ( 2000, p19 ) children should begin to perceive the world as a place where their strengths rather than their weaknesses are spotlighted. If this shift in perception occurs, then when they are expected to assume the tasks of adulthood, they will do so with increased comfort, confidence and success Cultural context and assessment Thompson p209 Stackhouse and wells continuum of needs Students with SpLDs will often present with significant and persistent difficulties despite appropriate learning opportunities even when additional educational provision has been made available. Dfes 2005

The Injustice of Slavery: A Peoples Resistance Essay -- Slavery Essays

The Injustice of Slavery: A people’s resistance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The history of the United States is filled to the brim with an abundance of significant events. Over the course of this nation’s young history there have been numerous social institutions. Many have been a necessity in our development. However, the US was home to one of the greatest atrocities committed on mankind. The institution of slavery is not only the most embarrassing but most sever infraction on the natural rights of man. At times there were in excess of three million black Americans enslaved in this country. It was not the dismal living conditions nor the bleak existence they lived that led them into a resistance of slavery. It was the theft, the unlawful striping of their right to life, liberty, and happiness that justly encouraged their resistance. The dehumanization of the black population in the US during the 19th century was a gross moral departure from the so called equality our nation has always strived for.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  No true American can find any sort of conflict in sharing the opinions of our forefathers. The US has its foundation built in the words of the Declaration of Independence. We live in a nation where â€Å"all men are created equal, and endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights-among which are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.† In supporting slavery, masters dehumanized themselves and denounced the goals of America. A natural righ...

Quiz Study Help

Take a deep breath and tell him what you've learned in this class that could be a cultural reason for this phenomenon. References to specific theories required. The sociological approach toward social problems differs and is divided into two areas: basic research and applied research. The main reason is to focus more on self-consciousness and building awareness to expand knowledge and understanding on how individuals interact with society and among each other. Researchers rely on scientific methods to determine a person behavior how individuals would act outside of their comfort zone.The first step is knows that there is a problem that needs immediately attention this is how research gains statistics by approaching it with different variables to reach a reasonable solution. While taking this course (Food and Culture) I learned from a sociologist perspective we seem too visualized more on how the society plays a role in our society. I thinking this will be an interesting class because it gives different aspects of the world we live premise of this class is, basically, getting familiar with learning how to ask and answer critical thinking questions and problem solving techniques.In today's society two of the most important tools sociologists seem to use to study the impact on individuals' subjective experience are participant observation and long form interviews based upon individuals social behaviors, social relationships, social interaction, and social awareness. Both data collection methods are widely used to conducts research in field of sociology and perform observation study in the social world. In participant observation, the sociologist primarily participates and focuses on the aspects of humans social activity.Typically, how he or she conducts their study is by taken role in the social situation under observation, which actually means being a part of what they are studying whether it is an ongoing activities and records observation. The main priority is to use knowledgeable structure while gaining deep understanding, and familiarity with the group of individuals you are studying personal levels. However, while working in the fields you cannot get discourage letting emotions and feelings influence or affecting the way you think when observing or finding information.Long form interviews give sociologists a different approach of insight because we are being asked a listed of questions which can last for hours. In this world we were giving common sense to think and it's entirely up to us to use it. The sociological perspective assures us that we live in a diverse world filled with people from different culture and background. It's our decision to isolate ourselves from getting involved with such negative social activities as these. There is a diversity of people's life styles, still we may consider our way of life as superior, right, and natural. All others are no good.The sociological perspective encourages us to think radically about the relative strengths and weaknesses of all ways of life, including our Question 2 of 4 12. 5 Points A friend suggests that gender equality is a reality in the US. He is certain that men have the same load of domestic responsibilities that women do, statistically speaking. Cite statistics from your Readings and LEN that refute his belief. Consider both physical labor and time, and emotional burdens, as drains on the average woman living: in a family with children; living with only a male partner; living with children and no male partners.Leave the statistics on gay/lesbian families for another day; oh don't want your friend's head to explode with too much data all at once. â€Å"The female gender role in family life as the person wholly or almost wholly responsible for all labor related to food is deeply ingrained in American, and some other cultures. † (FOOD & CULTURE). According to the LEN woman work 40 to 80 hours per work; however, this does not conclude the overtime ho urs they work provide and support their families' needs and wants. The achievement of full equality between women and men has not change much from the way things were back in the sass's until now.However, there is always going to be a slight difference not only illogically, but also socially. In the past, women were given more responsibilities Department statistics say that 65% of mothers with young children are working FT; 75% of mothers overall. † (FOOD & CULTURE) Women duties were consisted of nursing babies, cleaning, cooking, and performing other household chores while the men were working outside on the plantation getting paid minimum wage trying to support their family needs. While the men's duties are consisted of outside work; such as cleaning the lawn, working on cars, and etc.See women weren't allowed to go to college only men. In 1855, Oberlin College was first college to admit education to both African American and White women and men. Women were are more educated now than they were back then; although they did not know much about reading, writing, degrees, and careers. I truly believe we're close to gender equality now. â€Å"Consequently, gender stratification varies from one society to another. Whereas sex refers to male or female, gender refers to masculinity or femininity' (Heinlein, 2012).I think women and men both have equal opportunities composed to the past Journey. As of today they both are well educated in certain careers. Honestly, I can say when you consider the fact not even people within the same social group, males, females, blacks, whites, achieve complete social equality with each other. Certainly women have much room for improvement by gradually making significant gains and changes in the workplace, the home, and entering politics. Hillary Clinton came close to making history as being the first female President of the United States.With that being said, there are still a high percentage of women withhold high positions in the politician offices today. â€Å"Every society sorts men and women into separate groups and gives them different access to property, power, and prestige† (Heinlein, 2012). The women's movement is stronger than ever. The reason why I say that is because in the late sass's women did not have any objective or voice to say how they feel and they did not know the different between right or wrong, nor the difference between fighting for what they believed in.Men let's not forget us women were the ones who produced you in this world. The Nineteen Amendment of the Bill of Right Constitution gave women the right to vote. As of today, we women are well prepared to face whatever life throws at us no more running, ducking, or hiding. Some men still feel they have authority over women and that woman has to obey by their rules. For example, no person is going to speak for me, physically or verbally abuse me in any kind of way I refuse to be anyone living made. In the social world there are a few women and men who are too lazy to go out and make a living for themselves.Instead they prefer someone to give them substructure they won't something for nothing. Women are still being discriminated and treated unequally. There are a lot of Jobs that women perform better than men. For example, working in an office setting is a bob for women not man but now in days you find more men receptionist operating computer typing more words per minute than women. In college you find more men majoring in business than hard manual labor. Men work need to be more challenging and complicated such as construction or truck drivers.I think I'll stick to I am feminist. Feminist refer to a diverse variety of beliefs, ideas, movements, and agendas for action. â€Å"the view that biology is not destiny and that stratification by gender is wrong and should be resisted?met with strong opposition, both by men who had privilege to lose and by women who accepted their status as morally erect† (Heinlein, 2012). The black suffrage and the struggles for civil rights is still an issue today. The point is we have these rights to freely do whatever we please to do.

Hitchcocks Notorious in the Company of Antonio Damasio essays

Hitchcocks Notorious in the Company of Antonio Damasio essays Alfred Hitchcocks Notorious is an amazing film with an extreme depth of field. The film goes very fast, like an express train, or a feverish dream. It emphasizes expressive and poetic theory as opposed to formulaic and plodding. Notorious becomes essentially abstract, like an outline of things much deeper, more secretive, and unspoken. This film is one of great emotion. One goes from the highs and lows, and then from ecstasy to tragedy and back again. Antonio R. Damasio wrote the article entitled Descartes Error and the Future of Human Life. Contained within this article Damasio offers a superb realization of the power of emotion. Through this emotion he elucidates a poetic intelligence in film that lights up the screen and creates one of the greatest movies of all time. Notorious setting is a result of the confused politics and morality, both personal and collective of the immediate post- World War II period in America. At the start of the film, Alicia, the leading lady, has just been confronted with the facts of her fathers war crimes of treason in collaboration with the Nazis. This father is carted off to jail, and a government agent, Devlin, starts tailing Alicia, the daughter. Alicia is infamous for committing a misdemeanor like a harlot. She throws herself, over and over, against the rocky reefs of Devlin. She is a modern, post-war woman. Alicia is a hostess, and flirts with the fantasy of domesticity, and of being a wife: Marriage must be wonderful, she says, With this sort of thing going on every day. She wants to believe all that, but maybe shes not so sure. She needs the proof of love, commitment and trust from Devlin, if shes really going to have to give up being promiscuous. But at the same time, shes driven towards the flame of love. Alex is a very interesting character who was developed as deceitful an...

Leadership Style Emotion

Leadership Style Emotion Article Summary The article on Leadership Style Emotion has broadly explored the impact of negative and positive organizational behaviors. According to the authors, all leaders aim at maximizing the ultimate performance of their workers in regards to achieving their organizational goals (McColl-Kennedy Anderson, 2002).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Leadership Style Emotion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The leadership style administered is therefore very crucial for reaching and achieving the set goals. The authors assert that the transformational approach in leadership is more yielding compared to the transaction approach (McColl-Kennedy Anderson, 2002). They argue that the style of leadership used contributes greatly in the performance of the subordinate. Links Between Performance and Leadership Nonetheless, McColl-Kennedy Anderson (2002) are careful to note that leadership style cannot be the sol e determinant factor in regards to workers performance. Factors such as worker’s perception of their leader’s style in leadership greatly affect their performance (McColl-Kennedy Anderson, 2002). Workers feelings about their ability to perform with the type of leadership provided has a great influence on their willingness to perform their duties as the authors assert (McColl-Kennedy Anderson, 2002). The article shows the links between performance and leadership styles as well as the implications of an imbalance between the two. Organizational behavior is greatly influenced by the leadership in an organization. Workers respond positively or negatively in their performance due to the organizational leadership structure. Leadership structures may cause the workers to feel more closely attached to the organization or it can create a social distance that can be detrimental to the success of the organization. There are a number of models of organizational behavior, which i nclude, Autocrat, custodial, supportive, and collegial models.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Leadership Models In the models mentioned above, each meets a certain need. For instance, the autocrat model meets the subsistence needs of the employees. The custodial model on the other hand provides the employer with security and benefits. These two models according to research have been proven to have a minimal performance response. The supportive model as well as the collegiate model both focuses on encouraging the workers hence enhancing their performance. However, with the four models above, not many organizations operate with one exclusively without engaging at least an extra model. Managerial leadership that supports teamwork encourages employees to be responsible and demonstrate friendly relations will fellow colleagues (Roman Boyce, 2001). This posi tive organizational behavior can contribute greatly in achieving organizational goals. If for instance the management could consider investing in their employees through training, the performance of the organization would increase. Case Study, Hypothesis The management in a particular company decided to hold a training program aimed at improving workers knowledge on the market needs. They decided to offer training free of charge to their employees. Other employees also attended the seminar from different organization but they had to pay. Almost 90% of the employees of the organizing company attended the seminar, which was designed to improve their skills and productivity in the industry (Gilbreath Harris, 2002). A few months later after the conference, there were notable changes in the organization in terms of workers’ interaction as well as financial growth. The performance of the company went up.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Leadersh ip Style Emotion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company’s workforce became more free and interacted more efficiently with each other and a friendly culture was developed within the organization. The training helped the workers to have closer relations and work as a team. Best Leadership Models Leadership that focuses on the employees is more often successful compared to one that does not (Geller, 2001). Applying such leadership models that focus on the employees’ welfare such as the supportive and the collegial models, workers performance improves. This is partly due to a feeling of belonging and being part of the company. A company that supports and pays more attention to employees’ prerequisites benefits from greater loyalty compared to one that does not. With workers feeling as part of the company, their performance will definitely improve positively. Quality of Work Life, QWL and Its Effects For best performanc e among the workers, a leader must be keen to address the organization’s Quality of Work Life, QWL from time to time (Abernathy, 2001). Quality of Work Life refers to the favorable or the unfavorable working conditions in an organization. Leaders are tasked with the responsibility to ensure that the working environment is perfect and that it can allow effective and maximum productivity. According to McColl-Kennedy Anderson (2002), working conditions greatly influence the emotional buildup of workers. The authors indicate that both the leaders and the subordinates may have some negative or positive feelings depending on the working conditions they are subjected to (McColl-Kennedy Anderson, 2002). Conclusion The article therefore has outlined the ways through which leadership in organizations can influence the organizational behavior. According to the authors, subordinates respond positively or negatively to the leadership style that is in place.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that before engaging a leadership model it is critical to analyze its impact on the organizational culture. A leadership style that contradicts workers culture will be rejected hence escalate negative emotions. As the authors have indicated, I agree that leadership styles have great impacts on organizational behavior. References Abernathy, B. (2001). Focused vs. Consolidated Measures in Performance Pay Systems. The Behavior Analyst Today, 3 (1), 7–12. Geller, S. (2001). Behavioral Safety: Meeting the Challenge of Making a Large-Scale Difference. The Behavior Analyst Today, 2 (2), 64–75. Gilbreath Harris (2002) Performance-Based Pay in the Workplace: Magic Potion or Malevolent Poison? The Behavior Analyst Today, 3 (3), 311–316. McColl-Kennedya, J., Anderson, R. (2002). Impact of leadership style and emotions On subordinate performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 1 (1) 545–559. Roman, H.R. Boyce, T.E. (2001). Institutionalizing Behavior-Based S afety: Theories, Concepts, and Practical Suggestions. The Behavior Analyst Today, 3 (1), 76–82.

Existentialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Existentialism - Essay Example Tragic Sense of Life by Miguel de Unamuno is a philosophical work that borders on the doctrines of existentialism. The author believes the philosophy of life should be based on the experiences of a person. This suggests there is a need to cultivate one’s personality and character as espoused in the writings. On that account, the author considers himself a man of contradiction because while he values the sense of individuality, he also supports the existence of God. This is in support of the creation theory and the primitivism of man to rely on a nature and consciousness (Unamuno 159). Additionally, he views himself as a man of contradiction because he supports both aspects of individuality and religious fanaticism towards a deity called God. Therefore, the contradictory, opposing elements in this case entail indoctrination of man toward nature and alienation toward God. Furthermore, it is important to prove the existence of God if one has to understand the being of God. Those philosophical elements are contradictory in terms of disputing the existence of God and the use of faith and reason to evaluate matters. There are also many rational reasons why he feels the opposition is the source of his life’s unity. For example, the unity of man emanates for the deep belief in a god that is in control of both humanity and nature (Unamuno 158). Similarly, there are guiding principles of faith and the reason that influence the choice of an individual in terms domination over personality and character. That is why it is a paradox that Miguel de Unamuno has total belief in the intricacies of the universe. In the same context, the paradoxical contradiction is because the divinity of man and human consciousness is not in harmony with nature. Alternatively, the feelings of God and external consciousness conflicts with the moral logic of a common man in terms of sustenance. The statement ‘we think because we live’ has several meanings according to th e context it is used the book. First, he begins by castigating the primitive man for overreliance in the forces that surround him such as nature and other fellow men. This suggests that both animate and inanimate things appeals to man without any reason or faith in the choice. That is why according to Miguel, humanity structures their lives depending on the given existence (Unamuno 152). Alternatively, the possession of the consciousness of nature ensures man does not break away from the confines of nature. In other words, divinity is not associated with rationale because there are objective and subjective point of views. This suggests that the decisions of man in the universe are guided by a supernatural being with divine powers. In other words, the thoughts and existence of man are controlled by one God. That is why ‘we think because we live.’ There are various relationships between theory, and practice (the practice of living) and it relates to action. In terms of th eory, there is the inherent attachment of the primitive man to both nature and fellow human being. On the other hand, in practice, man still possesses the consciousnesses of faith rather reason in the belief of a deity who is in control of the universe. This means the acceptance of a divinity is paramount in order to accept the infinite powers of God. Another fundamental relationship involves the humanization of God in order to counter paganism (Unamuno 161). In other words, it helps in