Thursday, August 27, 2020

AirAsi Case Study Essays

AirAsi Case Study Essays AirAsi Case Study Essay AirAsi Case Study Essay AirAsi When the plane of AirAsia removes, the travel administration gave to the customers is expended simultaneously. Since there is no supplement given during the administration, AirAsia has made utilization of this opportunity to sell supplement and beverages. Through the promoting strategy, it makes cooperation with customers and it permits them to percept the nature of the administration. No free baggage stipend There is no free baggage stipend on AirAsia X. Not at all like other air hoses who choose to expand airfares that are forced on all riders, AirAsia X accepts that by bear bringing down for handled in baggage, it is progressively reasonable and it will help to keep up air menus low. AirAsia X will acquire more fuel costs with each kg of weight added to the airplane. Thusly, invitees who take on less weight will have the option to rescue more. ( hypertext move convention:/www.airasia.com/site/en/faqSearch.jsp ) Completely ticketless travel AirAsia is a ticketless air hose, subsequently, on the other hand of tickets ; they will gracefully you with an agenda which contains your booking figure each piece great as your installment and travel inside informations by means of electronic mail. This is other than an organization of cutting expense by non distributing any tickets. Unassigned seats The seats on AirAsia depend on free seating way. There will non be any seats appointed to you except if you pay an abundance charge for it. Thusly, we would see long holding up line at the holding up nation of AirAsia the same number of the riders would want to get the best seats for the flight. By executing free seating program, it assists with elevating riders to be dependable so the plane could take of ahead of schedule. Security trip AirAsia pilots design rule applications, capable and conduct preliminaries, land school readiness, security and exigency procedural planning, full pilot training program. Travel with AirAsia pilots who have both head and chest. ( hypertext move convention:/www.airasia.com/site/en/faqSearch.jsp THIS PART IS COPY PASTE, HAVEN EDIT ) Self Check-in Service Self Check-in is a help that permits invitees to registration from our airdrome stalls, by means of Mobile or online on our site without requiring to be at the registration counter at the airdrome. With this establishment, it encourages the customers to rescue their clasp what's more need non hold to arrange up ahead of schedule for the embarkation base on balls. This establishment if advantageous and it other than assists with expanding interest for the AirAsia seats for individuals who lean toward quick and proficient registration administration without long holding up line. ( THIS PART IS COPY PASTE, HAVEN EDIT ) Unequivocal Servicess Alluring and provocative air-attendants The air hostesss of AirAsia are praised for their fascination. With reddish shirt and skirt on them, it really upgrades their magnificence and this makes the outing genuinely wonderful for the customers. They are well disposed and could ever perceive their customer with a grinning. AirAsia even promote the essences of their air leader on their plane. Their main duty on flight is to execute the security shields processs to the riders what's more stroll around the lodge to support the riders what's more to check whether they have to purchase any supplement. In any case, there were a minority who grievance that the air hostesss are threatening and do non perceive the customers when they see them. In this way, AirAsia still require to take a shot at their consistence of their air hostesss. hypertext move convention:/www.youtube.com/watch? v=xivjlxNim18 hypertext move convention:/www.youtube.com/watch? v=1p31o7hkW_A hypertext move convention:/www.youtube.com/watch? v=Ah-p-qL8Xj0 hypertext move convention:/www.airasia.com/site/sg/en/pressRelease.jsp? id=14f35316-c0a8c85d-eb784700-58cd40f1 A ; type=read Nature of the customer administration There were army of criticisms kicking that the machine-controlled arrangement of the helpline was giving them a count about without providing an answer. A significant number of the customers griped that it is only difficult to secure through the helpline and address a staff to support them. What's more, regardless of whether they traversed ; the staffs were unhelpful and were inconsiderate to them. For the individuals who lose their gear during their flight, AirAsia has non been extremely proficient in helping the customers. Their answer was moderate and the case is even more slow. Extensiveness Singapore Airlines V. AirAsia? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Or on the other hand Tiger Airway V AirAsia? ? ? Consistency Blending to investigate, AirAsia have ever looking for their best to keep their on cut going record by offering unassigned seats and providing self registration administration to customer to elevate them to be prompt. Regardless of the endeavor to prop timely up record, there are as yet a figure of afflictions sing the hold and cacellation of flight. In occasion when flight has been dropped, riders were educated a minute ago and they grumbled that the staffs was non extremely accommodating and willing in helping them in the commitment of new tickets. In this way, there is still space for advancement sing AirAsia s customer administration and their on cut going record. Handiness Site is accessible with data that the customers wish to occur out. ( E.g. Fiscal qualities, exposures and flight information ) . It other than permits customers to book and buy tickets online conveniently. Name focus and gross incomes office is other than accessible in each state where AirAsia is situated in.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Air pollution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Air contamination - Research Paper Example As of now, cars are the biggest supporter of the development of groundâ ­ level ozone thusly there is a need to build utilization of elective wellsprings of transportation so as to decrease levels of O3 air contamination. Air contamination has become a significant ecological medical issue influencing both created and creating nations all through the world (Nadakavukaren, 2006). The result has been that air contamination is causing human medical issues just as harm to vegetation, crops, untamed life, materials, structures and even the atmosphere. In the U.S., the biggest wellsprings of air contamination, arranged by significance, are: 1) transportation, for the most part vehicles and trucks; 2) electric force plants that bum coal or oil; and 3) industry, for which the significant sources incorporate steel factories, metal smelters, petroleum treatment facilities, and paper plants (Nadakavukaren, 2006). The most widely recognized air contamination issue coming about because of these discharge sources is ground-level ozone (O3), According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), non-fulfillment of EPA necessities for O3 is the most well-known air contamination issue confronting huge ur ban communities in the U.S (Crpc-La.org, 2011). It is assessed that, 160 million individuals in the U.S. lived in zones that are in non-achievement of energizing O3 levels (Organization for Economic Co-activity and Development [OECD], 2005). Previously, endeavors to decrease air contamination have comprised essentially of order and control programs that include authorization of government guidelines intended to lessen harmful emanations. Such projects have demonstrated exceptionally successful in decreasing mechanical, point source contamination and making vehicle makers produce cleaner consuming cars (Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2011a). While these administration controls keep on viably lower modern discharges and diminish contaminations radiated from vehicles, O3 antecedent, NOx, keeps on being produced into the air at expanding levels. Issues

Friday, August 21, 2020

Increased life expectancy free essay sample

With the fast advancement of the economy, people’s life quality has gotten better. Contrasted and the past, future is straight development now. Accept Japan for instance, men are 67.74 years and females are 72.92 years in 1965, yet in 1995 normal future of men was 76.57 and for ladies it was 82.98 years. As per a few associations it is anticipated that the development of the human future will increment 0.86 years out of each decade between 2000-2080. This incorporates male and female future. In any case, what makes lead the future expanding? Notwithstanding improved personal satisfaction, what different variables assume a significant job in future expanding? Clearly, presently individuals are progressively worried about their social insurance issues. So an enormous number of individuals keep solid by doing some activity. In the first part of the day, numerous elderly folks individuals are running and swimming. In the mean time, so as to forestall malady early individuals go to the emergency clinic for customary physical registration. We will compose a custom exposition test on Expanded future or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page As of late, innovation is growing quickly. Particularly the advancement of clinical innovation, a few maladies can be restored and antibodies of preventable infections are being concocted. For instance, immunizations are being made for pestilences and hepatitis. Research uncovers that hereditary qualities additionally impact future. As a rule, guardians who live long likewise have youngsters who have live long. German researchers found that in the wake of exploring individuals who are more seasoned than 100 years, their parents’ normal age was longer than the normal populace by 9 to 10 years. To summarize, the world wellbeing association has pronounced that future increments of everybody is influenced by these components, 70% relying upon themselves, 15% relying upon hereditary variables, and 15% relying upon ailments. What's more, the significant point is doing activity and keeping an idealistic demeanor.

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Untold Stories About Cross Cultural Communication Essay Topics That You Need to Read

Untold Stories About Cross Cultural Communication Essay Topics That You Need to Read There are many types of communication inside an organization, formal and informal. As long because there is clarity in communication, the target of communication will be done. Understanding your areas of improvement for communication is able to help you identify what things to concentrate on. You are interested in being efficient, and yet make the the majority of your communication prospect. Whispered Cross Cultural Communication Essay Topics Secrets Members of a culture can be recognized by the simple fact they share some similarity. Communication is getting more and more complicated to master, because so few individuals actually utilize the 3 forms. Nonetheless, the demand for integration of the distinct cultures proves to be an essential part of development across all the several sectors of development throughout the world. A good medical care provider, who's equipped to put patients at ease with a couple of comforting gestures and words, will unquestionably be an asset to any hospital. Who Else Wants to Learn About Cross Cultural Communication Essay Topics? Verbal communication is all about that which we say, which is a significant means of getting our message across. The capacity to communicate information accurately, clearly and as intended, is a critical life skill and something which should not be dismissed. When with friends and family, excellent communication skills are required to prevent confusion, miss-communication and fights etc.. One of the fantastic communication skills in relationships is when you and your partner can speak about the little things along with the huge things. Cross Cultural Communication Essay Topics Options Your written communications compete with many different messages, and therefore you need to grab your readers' attention and make certain that they get important information as fast as possible. The objective of Communicati ons Planning is to acquire the correct message to the proper folks, in the perfect way. Know just what you are attempting to communicate. Questioning skills are one very important region of verbal communication, often utilised in clarification, but also to extract additional information, and as a means to sustain a conversation. When you're married, every topic needs to be open for discussion. It is possible to then ask questions to make certain that you have, indeed, understood each other. Asking Questions when you're in conversation with somebody, asking questions shows you're interested in them. Type of Cross Cultural Communication Essay Topics Even though it seems like it ought to be included in non-verbal communication, HR managers like to differentiate here, as it's a large part of occupational dialogue. Instead, it has to be viewed as a process which involves participants who negotiate their roles with one another, whether consciously or unconsciously. Thus, it is going to be good for the manager to either learn the local language or seek the services of a translator. The Hidden Gem of Cross Cultural C ommunication Essay Topics Totally free Cultural Communication essay samples can be found FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. Totally free Cross Cultural Communication essay samples are offered on FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. The essay isn't the simplest task to master. While each journal samples essay is cost-free, a custom made essay is quite inexpensive. Most Noticeable Cross Cultural Communication Essay Topics Cross cultural communication was influenced by various academic disciplines. There are different kinds of communication skills it is possible to learn and practice to assist you develop into an effective communicator. There are many ways, through which an individual, can boost their communication abilities. You ought to be including communication skills on your resume but it ought to be carried out indirectly. The capability to communicate effectively with your team, clients and managers is important. There are, however, lots of things that you could do fairly easily to enhance your communication abilities and make certain that you're able to transmit and get information effectively. There are lots of skills that could help you communicate much better. Communication abilities and having the ability to communicate is among the most crucial of all personal skills. To summarize, cross cultural communication is of importance as it makes it possible for us to appreciate the diversity in cultures and result in social development and thus it ought to be encouraged and practiced. Additionally, among the most important facets of verbal communication is the capability to practice active listening. The dearth of effective communication skills has a negative effect on the personal in addition to professional life of someone. The elements of cross cultural communication is supposedly culturally relevant in the exact same manner the human experience is thought of as culturally relevant. What You Can Do About Cross Cultural Communication Essay Topics Starting in the Next 15 Minutes Communication has become the most important means of expressing any feeling towards any individual or thing. The communication training is necessary for the people working and living abroad to understand how to behave particularly conditions. Likewise consider the emotional state and cultural background of the individual you're interacting with.

Friday, May 15, 2020

Cases study for constitution Essays - 1064 Words

[1977] 2 MLJ 187 LOH KOOI CHOON v GOVERNMENT OF MALAYSIA In this case the appellant had been arrested and detained under a warrant issued under the provisions of the Restricted Residence Enactment. The appellant had not been produced before a Magistrate within twenty-four hours of his arrest. He claimed damages but it was held that no action could be brought against the police officer as he was acting in compliance with a warrant issued by a competent authority. The appellant appealed but before the appeal was heard the Federal Constitution was amended by Act A354/76 which provided in effect that Article 5(4) of the Constitution shall not apply to the arrest or detention of any person under the existing law relating to restricted†¦show more content†¦It was argued in this case that the Enactment has no provision: (i) for informing the person concerned of the grounds of his arrest and detention; (ii) for presenting him before a magistrate or for an enquiry at which the detained person could meet the allegations against him; (iii ) for review; (iv) for limitation of the period of detention. Because of these reasons it was submitted that the provisions of the Enactment were inconsistent [*31] with the provisions of articles 5 and 9 of the Constitution [1979] 2 MLJ 33 GOVERNMENT OF MALAYSIA ORS v LOH WAI KONG TheShow MoreRelatedShould The Constitution Be Ratified For The Future?978 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout American history the constitution has been the framework for democracy. Written in 1787, the constitution was a great conception for the thirteen colonies. Now two-hundred and twenty-eight years later the United States is not a county of freedom fighting European-Americans. In this diverse and modern society concerns have come to surface as to whether the constitution should be ratified for the future to come. Ratifying the constitution sounds like a good notion, but is nearly impossibleRead MoreEssay The Australian Constitution1395 Words   |  6 PagesThe Australian Constitution The founding fathers of Australia could never have predicted the society that was to come. However, the constitution- the most important document of the land- stands today with only 8 changes to the words after over 100 years of use. The constitution is not without flaws; the rights outlined in the document are far from clear, which hampers the knowledge of the public about their rights. However, this does not mean that the rights are notRead MoreThe Issue Of The Uk1395 Words   |  6 PagesIt is quite a complicated question whether the UK really has a constitution in its modern sense. Back in the 18th century it was not even a question; the British constitution was recognized and celebrated for its democratic spirit, particularly by French Enlighteners and some of the American Founding Fathers. But since the Americans have decided to write down their principles of government into a document and to call it â€Å"Constitution,† and a lot of other countries, such as the newly-freed Latin AmericanRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of The Judicial Branch742 Words   |  3 PagesAccording to our Constitution we have three separate branches of government, Executive, Legislative and Judicial. The Framers set each branch to have specific powers and jobs but also to help keep each branch using checks and balances. Our Judicial branch was set up to be independent of the other two branches as the judges in this branch deals with different cases of our government is where it interprets the constitutionality of any laws which are OUR AMERICA’S DEMOCRACY Read MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The Constitution1330 Words   |  6 PagesSo what is the Constitution, and what is the history of how it became what it is today? First I will discuss what the Constitution is exactly. The Constitution requires the government to protect our rights. It is viewed as a contract, and we the people have our part of the contract, and the government has their part of the contract. We need to hold the government accountable on what they have agreed to do, in securing our rights. The foundation of what led up to the Constitution is the followingRead MoreThe Main Role As Part Of The Constitution1710 Words   |  7 Pages Despite the fact that definition and nature of conventions is uncertain it is obvious that they have a significant role as part of UK constitution. To understand how conventions are sufficient as a sources of the constitution it is necessary to discuss their nature first, then continue with analysis on how they operate from a wider prospective and finally, emphasize their strengths and weaknesses. Constitutional convention is an informal agreement which is not signed or codified by any authorityRead MoreA Landmark Supreme Court Case856 Words   |  4 PagesCourt case is one in which a precedence is set and there is an impact on society. There are many reasons for the importance of landmark cases and the studying of such cases. Some of these reasons are to study how the judicial branch works, try to understand how decisions made in the judicial branch affects laws and everyday life, and predict how current issues and cases will be affected by past decisions (The Judicial Learning Center, 2012). There are many examples of Supreme Court cases that areRead MoreGun Control Laws Limit Violent Crime1385 Words   |  6 Pageslook at the absence of a correlation between strict gun control measures and reducing violent crime rates in US states. It is time to ensure that our Constitution is upheld to protect the ideals of American democracy. The proposal of restricting US citizens f rom purchasing firearms is invalid because they are protected to do so under the Constitution, strict government regulations on other harmful products have not been effective in the past, and the idea that gun control laws limit violent crimeRead MoreJustice Scalia Often Uses The Texualist Approach When Arguing925 Words   |  4 PagesJustice Scalia often uses the texualist approach when arguing for the text of the Constitution, but sometimes, as Scalia would argue, the text isn’t straightforward. In R.A.V v. City of St. Paul, Scalia authored the opinion of the Court, in which he argues that free speech is protected under the Constitution, unless it falls under a very narrow set of exceptions. According to Scalia, some content can â€Å"be regulated because of their constitutionally proscribable contents (obscenity, defamation, etcRead MoreExpanding Powers Of Presidency : The United States Government941 Words   |  4 PagesPLSC 210 11AM Prompt 2 April 11th, 2016 Professor Armitage Expanding Powers of Presidency The President is regarded as the most powerful individual in the United States government nowadays, with powers expressed in the constitution or congressional act, inferred from the constitution, or assumed by himself. While the executive branch appears the most powerful at current times, most framers had thought that legislative branch would possess the most power. In The Federalist No. 51, James Madison expressed

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

A And The American Dream - 1376 Words

A Xicano and The American Dream Is the â€Å"American Dream† something that is feasible for the son of two immigrant parents? Watching my parents try to climb up the ranks of their job and society, in general, in the most honest way, only to just be met with racist legislation, police brutality, racial profiling, and exploitation, I have come to the conclusion that the American Dream is a fallacy. I’ve seen too many people beat and killed by the system; too many people of color systemically beat down and killed. I have had too many friends fall victim to the prison system. I have worked too many years in the strawberry, blackberry, and blueberry fields. I am tired of seeing my people suffer; it is time for me to help. I want to become a teacher and hopefully, someday, become a lawyer. The circumstances that led me to the path that I am on started long before I was born. My father came to the U.S when he was 14 years old. I wish I could say that he was still a k id, but he wasn’t – he was treated like a man. He was expected to work the blazing-hot summer fields and the terribly cold winter fields like a grown man is expected to work. He was expected to provide for his three brothers and three sisters like a grown man is expected to provide for his family. There wasn’t time to play outside with the other children, paint, draw, or even go to school; there was only time to work and provide. At age 19, he married my mother and they had my oldest sister. He undertookShow MoreRelatedAmerican Dreams : The American Dream1068 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Dream? American Dream: Noun, the ideals of freedom, equality, and opportunity traditionally held to be available to every American. That is the definition of the American dream according to Dictionary.com, but the American Dream is more than a definition, but a way of life for many. Millions of immigrants come to our country in search of this â€Å"American Dream† including my grandparents but more and more are disappointed. So does the American Dream exist? Has it ever existed or has it allRead MoreAmerican Dreams And The American Dream Essay1727 Words   |  7 PagesMobility and the American Dream feed off one another, immigrants and American citizens wanting to work hard and building new inventions to make life easier. Without this American ingenuity, it might of taken the United States longer to get to where the country is now. The American Dream has helped people see all the potential that there is in the U.S. Almost all aspects of mobility relating to the American Dream are still achievable. The path to the so called American Dream might be a harder toRead MoreAmerican Dreams : The American Dream1187 Words   |  5 PagesThe American dream is what makes people from all around the world to want to move to America. The American dream is what makes America wonderful. The American dream has been categorized as an equal opportunity to attain success through hard work. The end result of the American dream for the universal people is for that character and their loved ones to be living contentedly for the rest of their lives. However, this is not the same apparition that every individual has of the American dream. The AmericanRead MoreAmerican Dreams : The American Dream1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream The American Dream is indefinable. There is no one set of words or characteristics that the entire population assigns directly to its definition. With the American population consisting of people of various races, ethnicities, ages, classes, and genders, it seems trivial to even attempt to attribute a single definition to the concept of the American Dream. It is this inability however, to be confined within one single meaning, that allows for the American Dream to govern theRead MoreAmerican Dreams And The American Dream1728 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans have been dreaming since the Mayflower arrived in the New World and the American Dream itself has withstood threats up until this very day to all of its internal characteristics: international peace, health, leadership, wealth, supremacy, and equality. H.W. Brands states in his book American Dreams that â€Å"Americans had dreamed since our national birth, and in the twenty-first century we are dreaming still†. Both Brandsà ¢â‚¬â„¢ story and Nathaniel Philbrick’s account in Mayflower assist significantlyRead MoreThe American Dream : The American Dream1014 Words   |  5 Pages The American Dream. The American Dream is made up of many different aspects and ideas. Like moving up the social , escaping poverty , freedom ,equality , pursuing our interests and passions , opinions and safety. Most of the dreams are different for an individual depending on their situation. Poverty is a struggle in life. Not having enough to eat , not having heat and shelter. For the kids , life in poverty is much tougher to overcome than those who already have help with wealth.Read MoreThe American Dream And The American Dream1088 Words   |  5 PagesIn American society, there are many norms that have become essential to citizenship, like owning a home or attending college to pursue higher education. The American Dream drove Americans to improve their living standards and live luxurious suburban lifestyles, but quickly it became evident that in order to achieve the American Dream, people were forced to take on debt. Mortgages, credit cards, and student loans became a part of regular conversation for the middle-class and were crucial to upholdingRead MoreThe American Dream : The American Dream?1106 Words   |  5 Pagesaverage, Americans work 43 hours per week out of a total of 120 hours, take out the recommended sleep time and we work 43 out of 80 total hours . Therefore we work more than half the time in our daily lives. The larger part of Americans believe in The American Dream. so employees believe in working excessively for the chance of being rich, having expensive objects and being successful. The problem The American Dream is getting less and less possible each and everyday. The American Dream is centralRead MoreAmerican Dreams And The American Dream2042 Words   |  9 PagesEvery young American aspires to the American Dream. It is an innate American idealism, encountered by members of every level of society; however, most of all affected by this idealism are those who come from humble beginnings. Those who come from a below average income, the working-class, have much to gain from this American ambition. Sadly, aspirations are in jeopardy. American capitalism does not allow the working-class individual to achieve the American Dream, because of disproportionate economicsRead MoreAmerican Dreams And The American Dream Essay2288 Words   |  10 Pagestype of fulfillment from the American Dream which prompts them to relay belief in it to the newest generation of Americans. However, nowadays, populations of Americans have become increasingly critical of the American Dream and what that dream entails. That particular group claims that the American Dream is now dead due to many different facets of society. Is it possible to demand the death of an ideal that is essentially the backbone of a powerful country such as American? There are people who argue

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Business Economics Principles Market Economies

Question: Describe about the Business Economics Principles for Market Economies. Answer: Gross Domestic Product The Australian economy is one of the biggest mixed market economies globally. The GDP of Australia Comprises of the total market value of all goods and services produced in Australia within a particular period. Generally, the GDP does not take into account depreciation and does not differentiate between the producers of services and goods. However, GDP comprises of only the total value of final products that are produced and sold within a particular period (Gross Domestic Product 2016). For this reason, the inclusion of items such as the purchase of used cars, pensions, and production of meals at home will have significant consequences on the Gross Domestic Product of the country. The Production of Meals At Home Usually, the GDP of a free market economy includes only the products that are sold through the market. As such, it only accounts for the products that consumers are willing to pay prices for the items they consume. For this reason, the GDP often excludes the products that consumers do not pay for. Therefore, the production of meals is usually not included in the calculation and estimation of the GDP of the country. In this regard, the value of outputs that are produced and consumed by households are entirely excluded from the GDP of the country. By and large, the inclusion of the production of meals at home in the calculation of the GDP will have significant effects on the overall GDP of the country. Particularly, the total GDP will be much higher than the actual GDP. Mainly, this is because it would also warrant for the inclusion of other products and services that are sold between households. It is crucial to note that such an increase in GDP will not necessarily indicate economic growth and development in the country. Mainly, this is because there are no substantial increases in the total output of the nation or economic activities but a mere inclusion of household activities (Zorach 2010). Besides, it is very difficult to put values on home services that do not pass through the market, and therefore different values of GDP will be computed in a particular period. Purchase of Used Cars Typically, the calculation of GDP comprises of the total value of products and services that are produced within a given year. Mainly, products that are resold are excluded from the computation of the GDP of Australia. First, this is because the GDP of a country only caters for the products produced within a particular year. Therefore, if the car is produced in one year and sold or resold in another, it is not accounted for in the GDP of the year it is resold. In this regard, including the purchase of used cars in the calculation of Australias GDP will mean that the car is accounted for twice, yet it was only produced once (Janda 2016). As a result, it will increase the current GDP, indicating economic growth and increased production yet this is not the case. It will lead to a false indication of the improvement in economic conditions. Moreover, including the purchase of used cars in the computation of the GDP will result in double counting, thereby leading to an incorrect valuation of the countrys current GDP. As such, before the car is purchased from its original owner, its value was computed and added to the countrys GDP. Therefore, adding the value of the used car again will result in double counting which is incorrect. Besides, such an inclusion will increase the countrys GDP, indicating an increase in production which may not necessarily be the case. Therefore, it is important that the purchase of items be excluded from the calculation of the Gross Domestic Product of a country, or an inappropriately high value will be reported. Pension Pre-funded pension refers to a situation where an employee sets aside a fund in the course of their career. The funds are then invested in by professionals in bonds, stocks, and real estate, among others with the aim that by the time an employee retires the original contributions of the plan will have generated enough to pay benefits for the rest of the employees lifetime (Barr Diamond, 2006). It is noteworthy that pension is not included in the calculation of the GDP. Mainly, this is because they are not treated as payments for goods or services and therefore, do not signify a kind of final demand. Including pension fund in the calculation of the GDP will be a kind of double counting (Pension Spending 2016). Specifically, pension payments are a form of transfer payments that involve the reallocation of money from one individual to another. Also, pension payments do not result in the production of new products or services in a given year. Therefore, unless the recipient of the pension uses the funds to buy goods or services, the pension should not be utilized in the computation of the nations GDP (Nardelli 2015). Including it in the GDP will create a false indication that the country is experiencing economic growth or an increase in the production of goods and services without this necessarily being the case (Pension n.d.). Types of Unemployment Unemployment refers to the phenomenon in an economy where individuals are actively searching for work are unable to find work. Conversely, the unemployment rate is the measure of the prevalence of unemployment within a country. It is measured as a percentage by dividing the total number of unemployed persons with the number of individuals in the labor force. The main types of unemployment include structural, frictional, and seasonal unemployment. Cyclical unemployment Cyclical unemployment is attributed to economic contractions and occurs when the economy experiences downturns in the business cycle. Sometimes, it is referred to as demand-deficient unemployment or Keynesian unemployment. It is imperative to note that this type of unemployment often results from the insufficient aggregate supply in the economy to provide employment opportunities for everyone who is actively looking for work (Diamond 2013). During the economic downturns, demand for goods and services falls significantly, and less production is required. Consequently, fewer employees are required to meet the equilibrium. Source: (Nardelli 2015) Structural Unemployment This type of inflation occurs due to inefficiencies in the labor market. As such, it arises when there is a mismatch of skills required for the available jobs and the skills possessed by workers. Mismatch in skills or geographical location may arise due to occupation immobility, geographical immobility, and technological change. Occupational mobility results when there are jobs available, but the workers do not have the relevant skills to perform the job. On the other hand, geographical mobility occurs where the available jobs are far away from where the unemployed workers live, and it is impossible to relocate to the location of the job. Technological change may result in structural unemployment where the economy goes through changes forcing some industries to decline and reduce production, thereby lay off some workers. A good example of structural unemployment caused by technological change is where an industry fires its employees and replaces them with robots (Amadeo 2016). The workers are forced to retrain for other jobs. It is imperative to note that a prolonged recession in the economy may also lead to structural unemployment. When workers remain unemployed for an extended period, their skills become outdated (Amadeo 2016). Therefore, unless they are willing and able to work at a lower level, unskilled job, they may remain unemployed even after the economy recovers from the recession. (Amadeo 2016). Frictional Unemployment This type of unemployment normally occurs when individuals are searching for work or are transitioning from one job to another. Generally, it arises when workers leave their previous employment and are yet to get new jobs. Notably, frictional unemployment is a natural part of the job search process and only lasts for a short term (Luke 2010). It exists mainly because jobs and workers are heterogeneous, and a discrepancy could result between the characteristics of the demand and supply. Since individuals take time to find the most suitable job for their skills and desires, frictional unemployment is likely to exist within the economy. Classical Unemployment Sometimes, this type of unemployment is referred to as real wage unemployment. Typically, it occurs when wages are kept above the equilibrium level. It is triggered by minimum wage legislations and powerful trade union negotiations that set the minimum wage above the equilibrium wage rate. As a result, there is a surplus supply of labor as more workers are enticed by the new set wages. On the other hand, firms are unable to meet the new minimum wage requirements and decide to lay off some workers. Eventually, this leads to real wage unemployment as wages are sticky downwards (Amadeo 2016). Source: (Amadeo 2016) Voluntary Unemployment Voluntary unemployment occurs when individuals are able and capable of finding work at the prevailing economic conditions but choose not to work. Often, this is ascribed to the view that individuals prefer to wait for jobs that offer a higher wage rate or jobs that match a particular standard that they have set for themselves. When the wage rates are unusually low, the unemployed may have little incentive to enter the job market (Unemployment Types 2010). Seasonal Unemployment Seasonal unemployment arises due to the seasonality of some industries. It is a form of natural unemployment that results from regular changes in the season of business. Industries that may be affected by seasonal unemployment include ice cream vendors, ski instructors or tourism and resort workers (Mortimer 2014). Also, agricultural industries experience seasonal unemployment between the planting and harvesting seasons. Similarly, construction workers are left unemployed during winter in countries that experience winter. Is structural unemployment more or less serious than cyclical unemployment? In most cases, permanent jumps in the rate of unemployment are associated with structural unemployment. Many economists argue that while cyclical unemployment result from rises and falls in the business cycle, structural unemployment persists for long, even when the economy is experiencing substantial economic growth and development (Burtless 2012). Once structural unemployment is embedded in the economy, it is almost impossible to get rid of it (Burtless 2012). Over time, the traditional remedies for unemployment become less effective. For this reason, structural unemployment is more severe than cyclical unemployment. Reference List Amadeo, K 2016, 9 Types of Unemployment [Online] Available from: https://www.thebalance.com/types-of-unemployment-3305522 [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Australian Government Department of Human Services, Age pension. [Online] Available from: https://www.humanservices.gov.au/customer/serives/centrelink/age-pension [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Barr, N and Diamond P, 2006, The economics of pensions, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 4-16 Available from: https://economics.mit.edu/files/1751 [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Burtless, G 2012, High unemployment: Cyclical or Structural? [Online] Available from: https://www.bookings.edu/opinions/high-unemployment-cyclical-or-structural/ [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Diamond, P, 2013, Cyclical Unemployment and Structural Unemployment. [Online] National Bureau of Economics Research Working Paper 18761. Available from: https:/www.nber.org/papers/w18761 [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Economy Watch, 2010, Unemployment Types [Online] Available from: https://www.economywatch.com/unemployment/types/ [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Econport, 2016, Types of Unemployment [Online] Available from: https://www.econport.org/content/handbook/Unemployment/Types.html [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Janda, M, 2016, GDP: Australian economy grows 3.3pc over past year on secret fiscal stimulus [Online] Available from: abc.net.au/news/2016-09-07/gdp-economic-growth-data-abs-june-quarter/7822286 [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Luke, J, 2010, Frictional, structural, Cyclical Unemployment defined. [Online] Available from: https:/www.google.com/amp/s/econproph.com/2010/08/17/frictional-structural-cyclical-nemployment-defined/amp/ [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Mortimer, R 2014, Seasonal unemployment explained. [Online] Available from:www.romeconomics.com/seasonal-unemployment-explained/ [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Nardelli, A 2015, Unsustainable futures? The Greek pensions dilemma explained [Online] Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/jun/15/unsustainable-futures-greece-pensions-dilemma-explained-financial-crisis-default-eurozone [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. OECD, 2016, Pension spending [Online] Available from: https://data.oecd.org/socialexp/pension-spending.htm [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Parliament of Australia, 2016, Gross domestic product [Online] Available from: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/MSB/feature/FeatureGDP [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Zorach, A 2010, Why GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is a Poor Measure of Wealth and Prosperity [Online] Available from: https://zorach.wordpress.com/2010/08/27/why-gdp-gross-domestic-product-is-a-poor-measure-of-wealth-and-prosperity/ [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016].

Tuesday, April 14, 2020

Biography of Maslow and Start of his Career

Abraham Maslow was born in 1908, in Brooklyn, New York. His parents were Jews who had immigrated into America from Russia. They wanted their children to achieve the best in the new world hence they pushed Maslow to succeed in school. Consequently, Maslow found solace only in books after developing loneliness as he grew up.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Biography of Maslow and Start of his Career specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He first studied law at the City College of New York (CCNY) in a bid to satisfy his parents. He moved to Cornell after the first three semesters and then returned to CCNY. He got married to his first cousin, Bertha Goodman, despite the fact that his parents had opposed his marriage to Bertha. Maslow and Bertha got two daughters and then moved to Wisconsin for Abraham to enroll at the University of Wisconsin. While there, he gained interest in psychology as his academic work star ted to improve suddenly . Abraham took some time to interact with Harlow, who was credited for his studies on attachment behavior and experiments with the rhesus monkeys. He continued with his education until he received a PhD in 1934. One year after he had graduated, Maslow went back to New York to work with E.L Thorndike at Columbia where his interest to research on human sexuality continued to grow. While he taught full time at Brooklyn College, his interaction with Europeans who immigrated into the US became significant. Some of the people he interacted with included Fromm, alder, Horney and other Freudian and Gestalt psychologists. Between 1951- 1969, he was the chairman of psychology department at Brandeis. While at Brandeis, Abraham met Kurt Goldstein, author of ‘The Organism,’ who had introduced the idea of self-actualization in his book. This marked the period Abraham began his advocacy for humanistic psychology, which was very important to him. In the 1940s, M aslow came up with one of the most remarkable hierarchies in his career, that of inborn needs. He was a professor at Brooklyn College and his goal was to understand and give explanations to the things that motivated human beings. He did this by combining approaches that existed such as behaviorist, Freudian, cognitive and gestalt approaches to make one theory. He argued that the individual approaches were comprised of reasonable points only that they did not include personality in its broader view. Maslow formulated a theory that argued that the motivation behind the actions of human beings was their needs, which he represented in the form of a five-level pyramid. The most important physiological needs were at the bottom of the pyramid while advanced psychological needs appeared as the pyramid progressively went higher. Maslow invented another field of study at the height of the Second World War, which involved the study of high-achieving individuals who were emotionally healthy. He later referred to them as self-actualizing individuals. He started by analyzing the characteristics of his mentors and the results of his investigations excited him.Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He recorded in his diary that his thoughts on the self-actualizing man were not of ordinary men who had certain things added, but ordinary men who had lost nothing. He described average men as human beings whose powers were inhibited and dampened. Maslow conducted interviews on individuals who had achieved a lot of things and was surprised to find out that most of them had reached the peak of their lives. They had experienced instances of great fulfillment and joy. In addition, their psychological health increased their happy moments. Most of the individuals he interviewed did not share in conventional religion. The language they used to describe their happiness peaks was virtuall y mystical and was mostly associated with feelings of success and family relations. Maslow published his famous book, Motivation and Personality in 1954. It was a comprehensive synthesis of the many years he had spent advancing theories about the nature of human beings, something that had earned him international recognition. He was very optimistic about human nature and this stirred a lot of interest in the field. He used his position as the head of psychology department at Brandeis University to bring humanistic thinkers such as Victor Frankl and Suzuki to the university to give lectures. Maslow’s career continued to grow significantly in the 1960s when employers wanted to get his advice on how to motivate their workers. The approach he used on employee engagement had a significant impact on regions where new concepts were being introduced. Maslow increased the popularity of the term synergy in a bid to explain work teams where the whole was important than all its parts. He argued that it was possible to increase the productivity and innovative capacity of employees if they were urged to fully use their strengths through challenging and exciting tasks . In 1967, Maslow suffered a serious heart attack which forced him to relocate to San Francisco Bay together with his wife Bertha because the climate was milder. Although his health continued to deteriorate, his passion for writing, teaching, consulting and interest in human potential never declined. After his death in 1970, his ideas continued to inspire many people around the world. Maslow’s Pyramid of Human Needs In his earlier studies of monkeys, Maslow had discovered that the degree of importance of human needs varied. For example, if a people were hungry and thirsty at the same time, they tried to quench their thirst first. It was possible for an individual to miss food for several days. Thirst was therefore considered more serious than hunger. Likewise, if a person was thirsty then got chok ed such that he could not breathe, the need to breathe became important than the need to quench thirst .Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Biography of Maslow and Start of his Career specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Using this idea that some needs were more urgent than others, Maslow came up with the famous hierarchy of needs. Apart from the basic needs such as food, air, water and sex, Maslow expanded the category of needs and included physiological needs, esteem needs, need for love and belonging, safety and security needs and self-actualization needs. Physiological Needs These included needs for oxygen, protein, water, protein, salt, calcium and other minerals and vitamins. They also included the need to have a balanced PH and temperature. Physiological needs also comprised of the needs to rest, be active, eliminate wastes such (CO2, swear, urine) and to avoid pain. Maslow categorized such needs as ind ividual ones whose absence caused individuals to look for them. Safety and Security Needs This second level of needs came in when the physiological needs were adequately taken care of. After these needs were fulfilled, the interest of people was to look for security and protection. Physiological needs were no longer important since the focus shifted to the need for safety and security. The evident of these needs was the desire for individuals to feel safe in their neighborhoods and also have financial security in their places of work. Love and Belonging Needs After physiological and safety needs were fulfilled, the third level started to emerge. Individuals started to feel the need to have friends, children, and affectionate relationships in general. They became increasingly vulnerable to social anxieties and loneliness. The evidence of the needs for love and belonging was the desire of human beings to have families and be recognized by the community members as part of the community . Esteem Needs After the first three levels were filled up, individuals began to look for self-esteem. Maslow identified a lower and a higher version of esteem needs. The lower version comprised of the needs for respect of others, status, fame, glory, attention, recognition and dignity. The higher version was characterized by self-respect needs and a feeling that they were competent, confident, free and that they had achieved. This constituted the higher version which was different from needs such as respect for other individuals. When human beings acquired self-respect, it was not easily lost. The negative side of these needs was seen through inferiority complex and sel-esteem. Maslow reckoned with the proposal made by Adler that these needs formed the basis of psychological problems. In developed countries, majority of the people did not strife to fulfill safety and physiological needs. More often, they had love and a sense of belonging. What proved difficult for them to get was s ome little respect.Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Maslow referred to the preceding four levels as deficit or D-needs. If individuals lacked something i.e. deficit, they felt the need. But if their needs were completely fulfilled they did not have the feelings of need. This meant that they were no longer motivated to fulfill the needs because they were already fulfilled . Maslow made reference to homeostasis in a bid to explain the four levels. Homeostasis is a principle of operation used by the furnace thermostat. It switches the heat on and off depending on whether it is cold or hot. In the same manner, Maslow explained that when the body lacked a particular substance, it developed hunger for the substance. When it got enough supply of the substance, the hunger disappeared. The homeostatic principle was extended to needs such as belonging, safety and esteem. He argued that the needs were essentially survival needs which were built in human beings genetically. Maslow argued that the development of human beings generally took place in stages which were represented by the various levels. As newborns, people focused on physiological needs. After sometime, their focus was shifted to the need to be safe and secure. Soon after, they started to look for attention and affection. Later, they began to look for self esteem. When people were exposed to stressful situations or life was difficult for them, they changed to needs that were lower in the hierarchy. When individuals lost their jobs, they usually sought little attention. When people had problems in their families and their family members left them, love became their most important need during such moments. Maslow added that the same things occurred to the society. When the society suddenly got into problems, people started to look for a strong leader to lead the society and take things to their normal course. When they did not have food, their needs were more basic because food was a basic need . Maslow pointed out that sometimes human beings were required to ex plain their life philosophies. This involved asking them what their ideal world or life would be like. If people went through serious problems during their development such as extreme insecurity, death or separation of family members and neglect, it was possible for to fixate on such needs throughout their lives. This was how Maslow understood neurosis. For instance, he pointed out that people who experienced separation of their parents wee likely to feel insecure even when they got married. They were constantly afraid of being left because they felt that they were not good enough for their partners. Maslow and the Concept of Self-actualization The level of self-actualization in the hierarchy of needs invented by Maslow was a bit different. He used different terms to make reference to this level. For example, it was referred to as growth motivation instead of deficit motivation and he also named it self actualization. The needs at this level did not require homeostasis or balance. I ndividuals continued to feel them once they were engaged and were likely to become stronger once they were fed. Individuals were characterized by a continuous urge to fulfill potentials and become all that they could become. The needs basically involved individuals becoming the best they could become hence acquiring the feeling of self-actualized individuals (Franken, 2001). For this level to be attained, Maslow argued that it was important for the lower needs to be fulfilled first. If individuals struggled for food, they had to get food first, if they felt unloved and insecure, they had to look for love and security first. He pointed out that with the difficulties that existed in the world, only a small percentage of people attained self actualization. This argument raised a pertinent question of what Maslow really meant by self-actualization. In order to answer the question, he described people he considered to have attained self- actualization through a method he referred to as b iographical analysis. Maslow started by sampling a group of historical people he knew well and people he thought fulfilled the requirements of self-actualized people. Some of the people in the group were Abraham Lincoln, William James, and Eleanor Roosevelt among others. He then carefully studied the biographies of these individuals, their acts and writings and derived qualities that seemingly defined them. These were qualities that were not possessed by the rest of the common people. The individuals were reality centered which meant that they were able to differentiate fake and dishonest things from the ones that were genuine and honest. They were problem centered to mean that they looked at difficulties and problems of life that needed solutions not as troubles that required people to give up on them. They perceived means and ends in their unique way because according to them, the saying that the end justified the means was not always applicable. According to them, the means could be ends themselves to imply that the journey was more crucial than the ends. Self-actualized individuals also related with other individuals in different ways. First, they did not like company since they were happy when they stayed alone. However, they preferred deeper personal relations with selected friends as opposed to shallow relations with a large number of people. They were independent from physical and social needs and were not vulnerable to social pressure due to their nonconformist nature. To some extent, they also had mild humor since they did not want to appear humorous or crack jokes to other people. Maslow pointed out that self-actualizers had a quality he called acceptance of self and others. They accepted people the way they were instead of trying to change them to be the way they thought they were supposed to be. They directed the same acceptance towards themselves since they did not struggle to change their negative qualities. This quality enabled them to achieve spontaneity and simplicity since they did not portray themselves as different people. They always remained themselves. Further, these self- actualized individuals were respectful and had humility towards other people. Maslow described this quality as possession of democratic values which implied that they were not against individual and ethnic varieties but instead treasured them. Again, Maslow called this human kinship which was characterized by strong ethics . Moreover, this group of people was characterized by an ability to discern wonder in ordinary things, a quality Maslow referred to as freshness of appreciation. This enabled them to be creative, original and inventive. Finally, they exhibited a higher degree of peak experiences in comparison with the average people. Peak experiences were experiences that took individuals out of themselves and made them feel very tiny. Such experiences were sought after by many people because they influenced them positively. According to Maslo w, individuals who had attained self actualization were not perfect because he identified various flaws in their characters. First, he found out that they experienced moments of guilt and were anxious at other moments although their guilt was a bit realistic. Some of them exhibited signs of absentmindedness and were extremely kind. Others were characterized by unpredictable ruthlessness moments and loss of humor. The strongest qualities Maslow discovered of the self actualized individuals were that they had natural values which flowed from their personalities effortlessly. They also rose above certain societal dynamics that were deemed undeniable by other individuals. These included differences such as the ones that existed between masculine and feminine or selfish and generous (Daniel, 2001). Discussion of Maslow’s Work The contribution made by Maslow in personality theories was very significant. In the 1960s to be particular, people had lost faith in the mechanistic message s from the physiological and behaviorist psychologists. They were in search of meaning and purpose in their lives. They possibly looked for higher and mystical levels of meaning. Maslow was among the scholars who tried tirelessly to find the relevance of psychology among human beings and expounded on personality. During the same time, another movement was in place. Some of the things that inspired this movement were the same things that had turned Maslow off. They included computers and information processing, and the rationalistic theories such as the cognitive development theory developed by Jean Piaget and Linguistics by Noam Chomsky. This took root as the cognitive movement in psychology. Criticism of Maslow’s Work Although Maslow made significant contributions in the field of psychology, his work was not without criticism. The most common criticism was in relation to the methodology he used to conduct his study. It was argued that Maslow picked a few individuals he consi dered to have attained self-actualization then read about them and came up with conclusions regarding what self-actualization was. This was not credible science to most people. However, he knew this in his study and hoped that others would take over what he had started and expand his work. People were curious that Maslow who founded American Humanism had begun his career in the field of behaviorism with a strong inclination to physiology. He was not indeed a believer in science and often biology formed the basis of his ideas. The other reason why the work of Maslow was criticized was that he complicated the concept of self-actualization so much. Self-actualization had been described by Kurt and Carl Rodgers as what every living creature did including growing and fulfilling its biological destiny. Maslow limited this definition into something that was achieved by only two percent of the living things. The argument by Rodgers that babies were an apt example of self-actualization was r efuted by Maslow by saying that children rarely attained self-actualization . Maslow argued that individuals fulfilled their lower needs before they attained self- actualization. This was questioned because there were many examples of individuals who had achieved self-actualization yet their low level needs had not been fulfilled. Many known people had experienced poverty, depression, bad upbringing and other traumatizing experiences as they grew up. It was questionable if all these individuals never portrayed some form of self actualization. References Boeree, G. (2006). Abraham Maslow: 1908-1970. Web. Carducci, B. (2009). The Psychology of Personality:Viewpoints, Research, and Applications. New York: Wiley-Blackwell. Daniel, M. (2001).Maslow’s Concept of Self-actualization. Web. Engler, B. (2008). Personality Theories: An Introduction. Washington: Cengage Learning. Ewen, R. (2003). An introduction to theories of personality. New Jersey: Routledge. Franken, R. (2001).Human M otivation. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Goble, F. (2004). The Third Force: The Psychology of Abraham Maslow. New York: Maurice Bassett. Hoffman, E. (2011). The Life and Legacy of Abraham Maslow. Web. Huitt, W. (2007). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta. Web. Schultz, D., Ellen, S. (2011). A History of Modern Psychology. New York: Cengage Learning. This research paper on Biography of Maslow and Start of his Career was written and submitted by user Sebastian Berg to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wednesday, March 11, 2020

Women, Inequality and Poverty essays

Women, Inequality and Poverty essays We are concerned about the direction of Canadian equality rights jurisprudence, the positions being advanced by governments in equality rights litigation, and the apparent unwillingness of the courts to be a counterbalancing influence when governments ignore women's interests and voices. How courts treat the relationship between the right to equality and economic policy is important because of its potential impact on women. What courts say about rights also influences the understanding people have of their relations to others, and how governments view their roles and responsibilities. - Shelagh Day and Gwen Brodsky. There is a specific disconnection between the social policies that are affecting womens lives and the commitments that have been made, domestically and internationally, to the equality of women. If women are to advance then economic and social policies need connect with womens right to equality. Many Canadians are suspicious of the poor, very quick to judge men and women to be the ones at fault for their own misfortunes. There are significant differences that exist regarding the gender nature of poverty in Canada and the impact of social welfare policies on women. Many reports have shown that women continue to be more vulnerable to poverty than men (Gunderson et al. 1990; Harman 1992). This paper will give background on why women face poverty at a higher percentage than men, the issues facing women in poverty and what are the legal protections that are offered for those living in poverty in Canada. Also, I will analyze Poverty, Income Inequality, and Health in Canada by Dr. Dennic Raphael. In my opinion, if we live in a democratic country with equal rights for both genders then this issue should not exist in the first place. Poverty does not only take away a home from women and children but it is also linked to health. If poverty causes such suffering and even death then it is import...

Monday, February 24, 2020

EXAMINE THE DISTINCTIVE PROBLEMS THAT DEVELOPMENT NGOs ENCOUNTER Essay

EXAMINE THE DISTINCTIVE PROBLEMS THAT DEVELOPMENT NGOs ENCOUNTER - Essay Example The spheres of work of development NGOs are diverse, encompassing humanitarian relief, long-term development, policy formation and political advocacy (Atack 1999). The only common element among all NGOs is that they are not a part of the government (Tandon 2001). Development NGOs play an important part in determining the form taken by civil society. They also support advocacy NGOs, unions, social movements, interest groups and research institutions among others (Clark 2006). Nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) â€Å"have become increasingly important agents of the development process in the countries of the South† (Atack 1999, p.855). To meet the standards of legitimacy, development NGOs are required to meet four critieria: representativeness, distinctive values, effectiveness and empowerment. From the middle of the 1990s, with the recession hitting industrialised countries, less money was available for the funding of development NGOs. An example is the cutting off of funds to South African NGOs by international benefactors, who assumed that the new democratic government of the country would fund them. Due to lack of adequate finances, development NGOs may spread themselves too thinly with respect to sectors, objectives or geography. Also, mismanagement and seepage from programme funds occur frequently (Lynch and Modgil 1997), resulting in reduced financial strength. Edwards and Fowler (2002) support the view that development NGOs face complex challenges constantly, since funding is unpredictable, social change is complex, guidance availability is low, and there is no single measure for success. For effective functioning, NGOs should develop their management capabilities. In the case of NGOs involved in development education the main challenges include the need for renegotiation and accurate definition of development NGOs’ relationship with the state. This is because the independence of the developmental NGO may get

Saturday, February 8, 2020

The Abercrombie and Fitch and Burberry Australia Assignment

The Abercrombie and Fitch and Burberry Australia - Assignment Example The paper "The Abercrombie and Fitch and Burberry Australia" talks about fashion retail marketing. The globalization of modern business has necessitated the use of different modes of retail marketing, with retailers exploiting any available opportunity. Currently, the internet is robust with fashion items being advertised by different companies. It is due to these developments that this paper sought to look at two leading fashion companies that operate retail outlet stores in Australia, Burberry and Abercrombie and Fitch. This paper is generally concerned with how the retail outlets of these two companies have strategized themselves to reach their customers. The fashion industry is a very dynamic industry, due to the many changes that keep taking shape in the business. The uniqueness of this business form other businesses is the fact that the manufacturers of fashion items, inclusive of clothing and other items of fashion is the common ideology of change. Contrary to the traditional perception of the fashion design as a means of fulfilling needs, the modern perception is different, with its intention purpose being lined in conception, production, promotion and the marketing styles in the basis of the customer’s desires. While people’s tastes keep on changing over and over, the manufacturers keep on inventing new fashions with time. With the changes, old fashion items become obsolete and cannot be. Fashion is defined by the key players who are involved in it. The interwoven web of the individuals .who are part of the industry including designers, stores, factory workers, seamstresses, tailors, embroiders of garments, the press for publicity, fashion analysts and critics, the various models involve in showcasing the garments such as fit models and runaway models, textile manufacturers, pattern makers and sketch makers, and most importantly the customers. The changing tastes and customer wants are what determine the fissionability of the fashion indu stry. Customers’ wants change by virtue of their attire, or through the icons’ standards. It is with this knowledge that anybody who considers investing in the fashion industry ought to be ready for the dynamics in the market. Losses are inherent and more probable if a retailer do not understand the exact needs of customers, while keeping an eye on the changing market trends in the fashion designs. This paper looks at the two major fashion retail outlets in Australia, the Abercrombie and Fitch Australia and Burberry. The Abercrombie and Fitch Australia Men and women love fashion, and especially the Abercrombie and Fitch garments. â€Å"Abercrombie and Fitch† (2012) observes that the young and the youth are willing to spend any amount of money just to expand their collection of the Abercrombie and Fitch. Fashion is classified in terms of class, with the high class setting standards and assuming iconic status in the society, and this is exactly what the company do es to its customers. It elevates the customers’

Wednesday, January 29, 2020

Pizza USA Term Paper Essay Example for Free

Pizza USA Term Paper Essay Abstract This case involves Pizza USA, a small independent chain restaurant operation that offers both dine-in and carry-out services for customers that has received feedback for a potential change that will require the implementation of design process to add services. Currently, customers have indicated that they are pleased with the food offered by the restaurant but they would increase pizza purchases if a delivery service was available. This dilemma ties into two separate issues. First, in order to remain competitive within the industry, customer wants and preferences need to be heard. After all, if you cannot please your customer base, you will lose them. Secondly, the changes required must be done in a manner that combines data gathering and analysis and implementation of a plan that best suites this particular type of business in order to maximize success. Customer service has been a recurring theme in many discussions regarding business operations and management in recent weeks. The prevailing thought is that in order for your business to grow and be successful, you must identify what your customers want and find a way to deliver it. This paper will analyze and discuss how process design can be implemented to assist this business to achieve its goals. Within the process design analysis and discussion, several factors will be reviewed to include: identification of what customer satisfaction means to the business and how we can identify the things that are most valuable to customers, the potential net yield of achieving a high level of customer satisfaction and efficiency, and the characteristic of developing an efficient pizza delivery (from stove to door) system. The paper will also assess creation of market â€Å"advantages† to not only maintain but grow the customer base. Pizza USA: An Exercise in Translating Customer Requirements into Process Design In the last five years leading up to 2012, the Pizza Restaurants industry has experienced the results of a downturn in economy. Restaurants have been directly affected by changing market conditions such as changes in intense competition, decreasing consumer spending and an increase in overall health consciousness (Kalnins, A., Mayer, K. , 2004). However, despite such overwhelming odds and challenges, businesses were able to overcome economic hard times by reinventing themselves through creative marketing and adjusting their menu’s to adapt to customers preferences (Kelso, 2012). This allowed the industry to recover effectively and consumer spending and market growth returned in 2010. As more consumers returned to the restaurants, overall demand increased. The U. S. Pizza industry averages about 410 million pizzas per year (Kelso, 2012). In 2012 alone, pizza sales are expected to reach an incredible $36. 1 billion in revenue which is a 3. 8 percent increase from the previous year (Kelso, 2012). This growth is expected to continue at a rate of 2. 9 percent per year through 2017. Based on gathered data, 97 percent of U. S. consumers have ordered food from a pizza restaurant or establishment within the past 12 months (Kelso, 2012). No matter how you look at it, pizza consumption is on the rise and creates an exceptional opportunity for success in this industry. According to Gregory Badishkanian, a CITI Analyst, the big three of the pizza industry: Pizza Hut, Domino’s, and Papa Johns are currently in position to increase market share. (Bloomberg, 2012). Although the big three comprise of 30% of the total pizza market, the remaining 70% comprise largely of other large chains with less market coverage and of course the smaller independent chains (Kelso, 2012). While the larger chains are improving profits independent chains are struggling to stay afloat amidst the fierce competition among the larger more established companies such as the big three (Kelso, 2012). Understanding this dilemma, it would be most prudent for any independent restaurant operator to maximize operations by insuring that internal process design enables not only efficient productivity but generates a process that is customer friendly and focused on customer’s needs and preferences (Kalnins, A. , Mayer, K. , 2004). This would be critical in the business’ ability to survive in such a monopolistic type market. Successful operation within a smaller independent chain restaurant faces challenges that may not be as apparent to a larger and more established national chains. Pizza USA is a small chain operation that currently provides two services: dine-in and carry-out options. Customers have commented that if delivery services were added to the restaurant offerings, they would potentially buy more pizzas (Jacobs Chase, 2011). Based on this information, it is apparent that the owner needs to assess his business operations and consider a process design that would include adding this service to current operations. The addition of delivery services would potentially require additional capital to finance changes and may involve the hiring of additional staff. However, revenue increases as a result of the added service would off-set the costs associated with these additions. Near and long-term implications would include survivability within such a competitive market. As a customer, the primary focus of my satisfaction with this type of business relates primarily to efficiency and the level of customer service provided. If delivery service was provided, the two areas that would be most prevalent in my mind would be the delivery time and the state of the pizza once received. Far too often, I’ve received delivered food that was warm and in some cases cold. Needless to say, I never contacted that restaurant again. The thing that would create a unique experience would be the restaurant’s ability to not only deliver within an exceptional time period but also to provide a pizza that is piping hot as it would be while dining in. Another aspect would be an incentive to order delivery by way of discounting or some type of rewards service. These are experiences that have not been typical in my experience with pizza deliveries. Method. The perceived situational analysis are as follows: Strengths-Due to the smaller nature of the business, It could potentially create a more personal experience for the customers thus increasing customer satisfaction; Weaknesses-As a smaller business entity, they have less resources and limited options in implementing changes to meet customer demands. Also, the business would be less tolerant of negative impacts that may result from changes compared to larger established chains with additional resources available; Opportunities-A stronger customer relationship tends to allow more flexibility due to stronger loyalty among satisfied customers. Loyal customers are willing to wait changes out rather than making an initial determination and moving on to another business; Threats-The primary threats are of course the larger and more established chains such as the big three. Again, due to resourcing issues, these smaller and independent operations have less flexibility and opportunity if changes become less than desirable. The primary causes and effects are business survivability and customer satisfaction. Although these two areas are mentioned separately, they are in fact one. If changes are not made to meet customer needs and preferences, the business risks losing clientele and eventual closure. The term customer loyalty has been described as a process of capturing how well an organization is performing in three critical market measures: customer retention, share of wallet, and price sensitivity relative to competitors (Jacobs Chase, 2011). Studies have shown that customer loyalty relates directly to business success and survivability. There exists a major distinction between product design from the user’s standpoint from what may have been intended by the manufacturer (Jacobs Chase, 2011). The main difference deals primarily with the intended versus perceived usefulness of a given product. In short, if the customer’s input is not considered, product or process design could potentially be a major waste of time on the from end of the planning cycle with even a worse outcome once in the market. Table-1 below indicates quick-serve satisfaction rates among the top companies in the market to include the big three (Verma, R. , Thompson, G. , 1999). As you can see, each of the larger chains has high overall scores in customer satisfaction. Albeit, this is only one of many areas that could potentially be assessed. The independent chains can learn something from this data. The large chains didn’t survive the market and become who they are today without success in this particular area (Verma, R. , Thompson, G. , 1999). Table-1 Although the case situation described is consistent with most other business operations, â€Å"what can be done to be more profitable? † it is unique in itself due the detail andlevel of changes discussed. There are probably 100 areas that could be looked at that deals with efficiency and customer satisfaction. However, for the purpose of this paper we will only analyze the above mentioned areas. If assessing profitability and customer satisfaction is an everyday occurrence, which is the case in most businesses, then this case could most certainly be considered as a preexisting situation. However, this paper has little to do with assessing a documented loss in profits or revenue streams so the evolution is unknown at best. There are many course concepts that can be applied to understand this situation. However the two most prevalent areas of operations philosophy that comes to mind are: Chapter 3-Product and Service Design and Chapter 5-Process Analysis. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) in chapter 3 discusses the process of getting the customer’s â€Å"voice† involved in design specifications (Jacobs Chase, 2011). This concept and application relates to any and all industries and organizations. It is directly related a process of studying and listening to customers to improve upon a product or service (Jacobs Chase, 2011). Measuring Process Performance in Chapter 5 primarily deals with how well a particular process is performing. This is accomplished by assessing many different types of metrics such as: productivity, efficiency, flow time, throughput, and value added time to name a few (Jacobs Chase, 2011). In order to adequately analyze whether your operation is running efficiently, a system of measurement is required to assess the performance. Results/Discussion The problem of addressing the customers’ needs and preferences are easily solved. Immediately implement planning to accommodate your customers’ request for the added feature of delivery service. Consider the most efficient manner of transition to minimize disruption to current business operations while planning the change. Insure that additional feedback is solicited and gathered from customers to re-validate the need to add the additional service and proceed with design process reviews and analysis to achieve goals. This satisfies the earlier discussion regarding identification of what the customer really wants and prefers. The task of developing and implementing the plan is what is the most difficult. Recommend that the owner begins with data gathering methods such as GAP Analysis. This method is used to assess the business’ performance relative to the expectations of its customers (Jacobs Chase, 2011). An additional form of Gap Analysis includes the benchmarking of certain industry standards and measures the business ‘performance against established standards within the industry (Jacobs Chase, 2011). Questions to be asked would be: What are other smaller independent chains offering? Is delivery service a value added service or just a waste of money? What are the industry standards in regards to delivery times and what is considered acceptable to customers? Do have the resources to provide that type of service or will it require additional equipment, supplies, vehicles and staff? This will allow the owner to see where his restaurant is versus where he wants to be. Moreover, this would be an ideal tool to gather additional information from Customers to obtain additional feedback. It can be accomplished in many ways such as through paper or email mailers and in store surveys. The method selected would primarily depend on the owner’s available resources and preferences and of course size of targeted population. The follow-on recommendation is to conduct a cost impact and payoff analysis using a decision tree or what some would call a consequence diagram. This process allows the planner to map out several alternatives with different end results to assess risk (Jacobs Chase, 2011). In essence it is a risk matrix. When planning or considering restaurant equipment purchases or even additional staff hires, this process could be beneficial in assessing the risks involved with each decision (Jacobs Chase, 2011). Table-2 is a representation of a typical decision tree used to make informed decisions. As you can see, it is a process of identifying the problem (or situation) and working through several COA’s to determine what works best for you. Table-2 Implementation is the next step. I would recommend the utilization of responsibility charts to organize and manage tasks. Again, this particular tool is a type of matrix that lists all the projects and tasks to be completed while identifying certain responsible parties or stakeholders (Jacobs Chase, 2011). In such a small business environment, it would probably be most beneficial for the owner to get all staff involved with the design process to obtain full buy-in.this can be accomplished through the use of this tool. Of all the steps involved with planning and execution, this is probably the most labor intensive due to the potential resourcing required. After plans are implemented, the owner needs to assess the customer reactions to the added service. Anticipating a given response and getting the actual response are sometimes two different things. Again, the same process used during the Gap Analysis can be used to capture post-implementation feedback from customers (Jacobs Chase, 2011). The bottom line is that as a small business, you more reliant on customer loyalty than larger chains and operations. As a result, you must pay attention to any feedback received regarding your products and services, In this case we’re talking about pizzas but it applies in many other situations and industries as well. Once the feedback id obtained develop a smart and affordable plan and implement the plan. Once you have transitioned fully into your new plan, solicit additional feedback from customers to see how things are going. You may find other areas of your business operations that require attention. Customer feedback has to be a part of your daily operations. Without it, your business is at serious risk. References Kalnins, A. , Mayer, K. , (Dec 2004), Franchising, ownership, and experience: A study of pizza restaurant survival. Management Science Journal, Vol. 50 Issue 12, p1716-1728, 13p, 3 Charts. doi: 10. 1287/mnsc. 1040. 0220 Kohli, A. , Gupta, M. , (Apr 2010), Improving operations strategy: Application of TOC principles in a small business. Journal of Business Economics Research, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p37-45, 9p Verma, R. , Thompson, G. , (1999), Managing service operations based on customer preferences. International Journal of Operations and Production Management. Vol. 19 Issue 9/10, p891-908, 18p, 6 Charts Jacobs, F. R. , Chase, R. B. (2011), Operations and supply chain management. (13th ed. ), New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin Kelso, A. , (Sep 2012), Survey: U. S. pizza market tops $40 billion, pizzamarketplace. com, Retrieved: 1 Mar 2013 http://www. pizzamarketplace. com/article/200667/Survey-U-S-pizza-market-tops-40-billion AP News, (Sep 2012), Analyst: Big pizza chains could take bigger slice, Bloomberg Business Week News, Retrieved: 1 Mar 2013 http://www. businessweek. com/ap/2012-09-18/analyst-big-pizza-chains-could-take-bigger-slice.

Tuesday, January 21, 2020

The Complex Relationship Between Multiculturalism and Feminism Essay

The Complex Relationship Between Multiculturalism and Feminism These days, it seems that multiculturalism is generally an assumed good. Increased acknowledgement of diversity and cultural sensitivity seem to be steps toward leveling the playing field for all human beings. And that is the goal of much scholarship and activism, right--to secure and ensure human rights across the board? That is one of global feminism’s aims, so it would seem that multiculturalism would help, not hinder, feminist work to better the situation of women. That is not necessarily the case. It may be helpful to first clarify what is meant by both feminism and multiculturalism. Though it is difficult to definitively state what is meant by these complex terms, Susan Moller Okin is able to sum up the essence of feminism and single out a facet of multiculturalism that is particularly relevant. In her essay, â€Å"Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women?,† Okin explores the relationship between feminism and multiculturalism, especially pertaining to the granting of â€Å"group rights.† Okin writes: â€Å"By feminism, I mean the belief that women should not be disadvantaged by their sex, that they should be recognized as having human dignity equal to that of men, and that they should have the opportunity to live as fulfilling and as freely chosen lives as men can.† She goes on, writing that â€Å"Multiculturalism is harder to pin down, but the particular aspect that concerns me here is the claim, made in the context of basically liberal democracies, that minority cultures or ways of life are not sufficiently protected by the practice of ensuring the individual rights of their members, and as a consequence these should also be protected through special group rights of priv... ...a hard time representing our entire country’s population in a few sentences, or even a few pages. The American cultural system of today is far different than the culture of the 1940’s, and my experience as a Southerner is quite different than that of someone from New England. Multiculturalism seeks to protect cultures from extinction, it is very dangerous to over-simplify a complex cultural system and identify it by its most extreme practices. Feminism and multiculturalism do have some of the same goals; chiefly, equality of rights for all human beings. It is true that some efforts of multiculturalism counter feminism’s goals to empower women, but I do not think that this must always be the case. Cultural sensitivity is not enough; we must consider cultural practices, the workings of the cultural system that supports them, and how that system itself came about.

Monday, January 13, 2020

Abc Steel Company Essay

Robert Cruz, newly appointed Shop Manager of ABC Steel Company, was making his way through the plant back to his office. He had just reviewed the company’s most recent operating statistics with his boss, Rudyard de los Santos, Operations Manager. The statistics were shocking: ABC Company’s production backlog had reached such proportions that top management decided not to accept any further business. The company was paying penalties of P50, 000.00 a day due to non-fulfillment of contract delivery dates. ABC Company was one of the country’s largest producers of fabricated steel products. The company fabricated and installed storage tanks, mine and cane car bodies, dump bodies, boats and many types of structural steel. As shown in the organization chart (Exhibit 1), fabrication and installation activities were organized as independent activities. See more: Is the Importance of being earnest a satirical play essay Robert Cruz had recently been promoted from Quality Control Supervisor to Shop Manager (see Exhibit 1). Twenty-nine years old, Robert had worked for ABC Company for the past 2 years. He had previously worked as a sheet metal worker and as an instructor at a United States naval base in Subic. Robert held an engineering degree from a local university. Plagued by an ever-increasing production backlog, ABC Company had placed Robert in charge of all shop operations. There were 200 workers in the shop reporting directly to leadmen who, in turn, reported to Bay supervisors.1There were five Bay supervisors reporting to Robert. Before Robert’s appointment, Jim Fuentes, 45, was in charge of the shop. It was decided to transfer him to the position of Field Manager. (This position had formerly been a part of Rudyard’s responsibility.) Before, he and Mr. de los Santos had reviewed the ABC Company’s performance. Robert had isolated a number of critical problem areas in the fabrication shop. Production control was a constant problem. Schedules were drawn up improperly and they were seldom met. For example, a local construction firm had recently contracted ABC Company to build 2 dump trucks. The contract  price agreed upon was P150,000 each, and the trucks were to be delivered in 8 weeks. ABC Company had failed to meet the delivery date. The first dump truck was delivered after 10 week’s time, and the production statistics revealed that â€Å"out of pocket† costs for the first truck exceeded P170, 000. The second truck had yet to be delivered, and Robert estimated that fabrication costs for the two would total nearly P400,000. It was discovered that labor and material estimates had been inaccurate. More importantly, Robert listed four reasons why target dates were not met: (1) the targets were unrealistic, (2) shifts in manpower requirements were not anticipated, _______________ 1All fabrication activities were carried on in separate sections of the plant called â€Å"bays†. Most work orders were started and completed in one bay; less than 20% of the production work flowed from one bay to another. (3 there were no consistent â€Å"follow-up† policies and (4) machine scheduling was so poor that during one week, a huge cutting machine lay idle, while during the next week it had to be run 22 hours a day.2 As shown in Exhibit 1, Rudyard de los Santos was acting Production Control Manager. He and Gabby Alcantara, (Shop Production Control Supervisor), were working on a more effective system of production control. But Robert believed it would be at least six months before any new system would be ready for implementation. As the General Manager admitted, production and control was a â€Å"hit and miss† affair. Another problem Robert Cruz inherited when he took over the fabrication shop was a shortage of skilled manpower. ABC Company had long prided itself on being a producer of top quality steel products. The use of skilled welders, cutters, and steel workers was ABC Company’s only assurance that this quality could be maintained, and in recent years such skilled workers had become scarce. Finally, Robert had been told that there were serious â€Å"discipline† problems  in the shop. Workers were often tardy. They fraternized constantly during working hours, and often disregarded the authority of their leadmen and supervisors. Ninety percent of the laborers came from a nearby baranggay, and many were also baranggay leaders tended to be more lax in implementing company policies and taking disciplinary action against the workers. Other baranggay leaders who did not hold positions of responsibility with ABC Company were able to undermine the authority of the leadmen and supervisors in the shop. Two of the five Bay supervisors were described by the workers as â€Å"baranggay leaders†; two were described as being â€Å"not important† in the baranggay. One supervisor was an â€Å"outsider† and did not reside in the nearby baranggay. When Robert’s appointment to the position of Shop Manager became known, many persons in the shop were surprised. Although his performance in the Quality Control Department had been excellent, many of the â€Å"old timers† in the shop believed he lacked sufficient â€Å"management experience.† Interview with Robert Cruz Edison Mojica, an MBA student specializing in Organizational Behavior, had been observing the operations of ABC Steel Company as part of practicum for a number of weeks. He was waiting in the Shop manager’s office when Robert Cruz returned from his meeting with Rudyard de los Santos. He and Robert sat down and the new Shop Manager began to talk. Robert: Well I know I’ve got my work cut out for me†¦ You should see those penalty figures! We’ll be bankrupt in another five months at this rate! I’m still swimming in a pool of problems†¦Lots of them. Old problems dropped into my lap. _______________ 2ABC Steel Company fabrication operations were carried on during two eight-hour shifts. The first shift was from 8 AM to 5 PM; the second shift was from 5 PM to 2 AM. What’s worst, present problem multiply them (Pause). Of course, management does not expect me to solve these problems all by myself. I’m new in this position†¦.besides, the odds seem to be on my side. I would need the help of other departments. Edison: What do you mean by â€Å"odds†? Robert: Well, take the case of my supervisors in the shop. They are too old to be my subordinates. (Laughs) Not only that, they’re too good to their men. I don’t get any bad reports from them. That’s not an accurate reflection of things. The supervisors can’t afford to go against the majority’s rule you know how baranggay folks are†¦. Edison: But do you get results from your supervisors? Robert: It’s not a question of getting results from them. It’s more a problem of getting the best results. Do you think that my supervisors would have the guts to ask their men to cut out their chat-chats during working hours, or their coming late to work? Or even correcting their poor working habits? Everyone tries to be a supervisor here, you know. Edison: How do you propose to correct this situation? Robert: The Personnel Department will have to help me handle this problem. My supervisors and leadmen will be given supervisory training. If they still don’t’ learn†¦ Well, I think I have to be more firmed with them. Right? You see, before I stepped into this shop, these supervisors had been doing the things they’re doing now for generations. I’m not exaggerating. I think previous management had been too lax with them. To break a rule was not uncommon. Nobody seemed to check on anyone. Now when I came in, I tried to push these rules. What happened? The workers thought that I’ve created new rules for them. They think I’m trying to be strict with them. Edison: What’s your major problem in the shop? Robert: I have many major problems. (Laughs) But I think production control is the worst of them. We never seem to have completed any job on time. This is what’s costing us money. Planning and scheduling are a hit and miss affair. It’s really hard to break a habit, isn’t it? Besides, our production control section is undermanned, I think. What we‘ve got to do is get the men to think in terms of a schedule, a plan †¦.rather than just working on the job in front of them†¦.. The Problem of Overtime The following day a Bay Supervisor entered Robert’s office and requested that the entire fabrication work force be placed on overtime that weekend to complete a number of unfinished jobs.3 The Shop Manager knew that in recent months overtime expenses were extraordinarily high. Mr. de los Santos and top management had tolerated this extra expense because it seemed to be the only way to meet deadlines. Before granting the Bay Supervisor’s request, Robert asked for detailed description of the operations that were to be completed during the overtime period. The Bay Supervisor became angry. He stood up and exclaimed loudly. â€Å"Nobody in my twenty years in this shop has demanded this from me. Who do you think you are?† The two men stared at each other. After a few moments Robert suggested they review the matter with Mr. Rudyard de los Santos. The Operations Manger, sensing that the Bay Supervisor was very upset, decided that the Supervisor on this occasion need not submit a description of work to be completed. However, it was made an operating procedure from that time on that a proposed overtime activities list had to be submitted before any overtime could be allowed in the shop. The following week Robert found that it would be necessary for one of the fabrication bays to work overtime. He approached the Bay Supervisor and asked him to work overtime on the following day. To Robert’s surprise, the  Supervisor told him that the men could not make the overtime because they all had â€Å"previous appointments.† ABC STEEL COMPANY Essay VIEWPOINT:a) Mr. Robert Cruz, newly appointed Shop Manager of ABC Steel Company. The company had placed Mr. Robert in charge of all shop operations; OR b) Top Management TIME CONTEXT:At present I.PROBLEM STATEMENT: How can ABC Steel Company avoid delays in the production and delivery of the products to the customer? II.STATEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVE To strictly comply with the stated delivery schedule requirement of the customer in recently placed orders and fully accomplish the backlogs within three (3) months. III.AREAS OF CONSIDERATION A.STRENGTH 1.ABC Company was one of the country’s largest producers of fabricated steel products. The company fabricated and installed storage tanks, mine and cane car bodies, dump bodies, boats and many types of structural steel. 2. ABC has the capability to produce top quality steel products. B.WEAKNESSES 1.ABC Company has an inaccurate labor and materials estimates; 2.The targets were unrealistic; 3.Shifts in manpower requirements were not anticipated; 4.There were no consistent â€Å"follow-up† policies; 5.Poor planning and scheduling of manpower and machineries; 6.Shortage of skilled manpower that produces top quality products; 7.View of subordinates that Mr. Rober Cruz lacked management experience; 8.Authority of leadmen and supervisors is being disregarded by their subordinates; 9.Discipline problems among workers; and 10.Lax in the implementation of company’s rules and regulations. 11.Production backlog C.OPPORTUNITIES 1.ABC’s known credibility in producing high quality fabricated steel products can still be used to generate other leading consumers in the market. D.THREATS 1.Bankruptcy in another five months; 2.Industry’s awareness of ABC’s situation/inefficiency; 3.Decrease in customer loyalty 4.Other companies in the same product line that target the delivery schedule of its customers IV.ASSUMPTION/S A.The machineries used by the company are in good condition and are sufficient enough to meet production requirements. B.No price increase in commodities. C.Workers will coordinate with their supervisor in terms of work attitudes V.ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION A.Conduct meeting with Department Heads B.Resources and personnel maximization C.Sub-contracting VI.ANALYSIS ADVANTAGEDISADVANTAGE Better understanding of company’s situation Pin-point the source of the problem thru representations of the Heads in their respective departments. Encourage participation of concerned personnel in decision-making Time consuming Adjustment difficulty Avoid idle times of machines Avoid fraternizing during work hours Completion of backlogs/increased in production Higher cost for maintenance and utilities Acquiring the services of company with expertise on the goods / services required. Division of labor Less profit VII.CONCLUSION AREA’SACA ABC Adaptability332 Timeliness332 Cost Effectiveness321 Manageability332 Total12117 Legend: 1 – Good, 2 – Better; and 3 – Best VIII.RECOMMENDATION:ACA A IX.DETAILED PLAN OF ACTION ACTIVITIESPERSONS INVOLVEDRESOURCESTIME FRAME 1.Conduct management review meetingRudyard delos Santos and Department HeadsMeeting expenses-Weekly (until the completion of the backlogs); and -Once every months (routine schedule). 2. Strict implementation of management review meeting agreements (e.g. Status reports)Department HeadsMeeting expensesAs required. 2. Conduct Leadership trainings and seminar for Completed Staff Work Managers and StaffAt least 2 training per semester (1 internal and 1 external trainings) 3.Creative an incentive scheme (e.g. Star Performer of the month) with incentive bonus StaffEvery month 4. Create a Performance Evaluation CommitteeManagers/SupervisorsBefore end of the year 5.Conduct of Team Building activitiesManagers, Staff, Department headsCultural expenseQuarterly – all department