Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Citizen United vs. Federal Election Essay

Analyze the arguments presented in the â€Å"Citizens United vs. Federal Election Commission† case to determine which arguments you find the most persuasive. Explain both your rationale and the probable impact of the outcome of this case on corporate governance moving forward. Prof Armstrong I must agree with the argument of Justice Stevens†¦.In the context of election to public office, the distinction between corporate and human speakers is significant. Although they make enormous contributions to our society, corporations are not actually members of it. They cannot vote or run for office. His argument was based on the distinction between corporate and human speakers. I feel that because corporations contribute a vast amount of money to political candidates for election they believe they have the right to dictate our countries policies. The breakdown of this argument basically shows the more Money you have (Corporations) the greater your Power (voice) in the political arena. (Halbert, T., & Ingulli, E., 2012 p. 34). The breakdown of this argument basically shows the more Money you have the greater your Power (voice) in the political arena. From the e-Activity, discuss ways in which the company you researched could leverage corporate social responsibility as a competitive strategy. Provide specific examples to support your response. I believe this argument fits in well with my discussion on the attempted merger between AT&T and T-Mobile. According to the wall street journal AT&T is one of the top 10 companies to give political contributions in the current election cycle (2012). The donations include monies give to political parties, candidates, and political action committees. AT&T attempted to gain a monopoly in the telecommunications arena by merging with their small competitors. The more money you have the deeper you power and influence over politics. Sources: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/02/corporate-political-donations_n_1644375.html Halbert T., & Ingulli, E. (2012). Law and Ethics in the Business Environment. (7th ed.) Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Nutritional paper

a. How did your recorded protein intake compare with the recommendation of the CNPP? Well, if my protein intake would be compared to the Nutritional recommendation of CNPP, I am not only doing well, I was able to surpass the requirement. In fact my total protein intake is around three times than the required amount. By having such a high protein diet results to a healthy living because of the following reasons: Protein aids in the proper maintenance of body tissues, Protein composes a large part of our body’s muscles, system organs, enzymes and hormones; without which one’s body can never function properly. Without significant amount of protein in our body, we can never live because proteins are one of the primary building blocks, specifically hemoglobin, which helps to bring oxygen throughout the body. The body’s enzymes are also composed of Protein, which also composes antibodies to help our body fight against diseases and viruses. Also the body needs a lot of protein to develop well. Without protein the skin will rapture easily because it lacks Elastin, the specific macromolecule that gives elasticity to the skin. b. If your recorded protein intake was too high or too low, which foods might you change to achieve your goal and keep other nutrients in balance? Protein can basically be found in fish, meat, poultry, pork, lamb, shellfish, milk, cheeses, eggs, beans, tofu and many more. So basically if I lessen my food intake when it comes to the different kinds of food mentioned above, I can normalize my protein intake. Why normalize my protein intake, considering I mentioned a lot of benefits earlier in this paper? Every time I eat too much protein packed food, I am at risk of having high cholesterol, not only that but it also gives way to kidney complications. Considering that Protein filled foods have cholesterol, it also heightens the risk of having heart attack. c. Which foods in your recorded daily intake provide protein? As mentioned above, fish, meat, poultry, pork, lamb, shellfish, milk, cheeses, eggs, beans, tofu and nuts are examples of food that I eat that provides me with more than enough protein for my daily diet. d. Is the protein in each of these foods complete, or are they incomplete, thus combining to become complementary? Considering the fact that at the end of the day, I was able to eat tree times the recommended protein intake, I can definitely say that the protein in the food that I eat on a daily basis is complete. Not only that, but the food that I eat with protein has other food groups such as carbohydrates, and fats, hand in hand with vitamins and minerals that is good for my everyday diet. e. How much of your daily recommended protein intake did you achieve? Were you surprised by that number? If your protein is not where it needs to be, what can you do to bring it into the recommended range? Be specific. I was able to achieve 165gm (294.64 %) protein intake considering that the normal protein intake is 56gm (100%). I am surprised considering that I ate more than enough protein filled foods that what was recommended. Needless to say, I don’t need to increase my protein consumption but instead lessen it. f. Why is your protein intake within a recommended range important? What are the effects of too much protein? What happens if you consistently eat too little protein? If I eat less than what was recommended amount as I was explained above will hinder my body’s metabolism, weaken my muscle structure, weaken my immunity and decrease the amount of oxygen that flows through my blood. Another bad effect of too little protein intake would result to the slow rapture of the skin, and also my internal organs. g. Did your fiber total meet 100 percent of the recommendation for you as calculated by the CNPP website? I was only able to achieve a total of 71.79 percent of the goal when it comes to fiber intake. Since I barely passed my fruit and vegetable consumption requirement I was not able to take in enough fiber in accordance to the daily recommendation; considering that vegetables and fruits are the food groups which are considered fiber rich. Similar:Â  Nutrition h. Did you think your intake was too high, too low, or just right? Why do you think so? Fiber rich foods are important because they aid in proper digestion, plus they don’t have any bad effect in our body. So therefore it is not a question of having too much fiber but instead having too little fiber intake. Considering I was only able to reach 71.79 % of the recommended fiber intake, I think it is low and should be improved so that I can at least aid my body in the digestion of everything else I eat. i. Did your diet meet the minimum number of servings of foods from each fiber-containing group? Considering I ate enough vegetables and fruits to fulfill the daily requirement, I think I was able to eat enough fiber-containing food. The only problem is that I was not able to eat fiber-rich food. j. If you did not meet your minimum fiber requirement, which fiber-containing groups (fruits and vegetables) fell short of the recommended intake? Fruits can be considered the cause since I was only able to eat enough fruits to meet the requirement. Plus, not all fruits are as fiber rich as pineapples. k. Which specific foods provided the most fiber in your day’s meals? Which provided the least? Identify trends in your food choices that would affect your fiber intakes. Fruits and a various vegetables provided me with the fiber I needed. Grain has a small chance of having fiber but it still has some. But meat and milk has no fiber at all considering that they complete most of my diet would be the cause for my lack of fiber. l. What alterations might you make among your vegetables, fruit, meat and alternatives, or grain choices to increase the fiber in your meals? Possible alterations on my meals would be as follows: Eating oats, brown rice, mountain rice and unpolished rice instead of the normal type of grains; eating high fiber fruits such as Pineapples, Blackberries and Blueberries; eating meat that contains less fats so that my body wont need that much fiber to clean it out of my system; and eating a lot more vegetables, specifically the green type of vegetables. m. What contributions do meats and milk products make to the day’s fiber total? What advice about fiber would you give to someone who emphasizes meat and milk products at each meal? How would you tell him or her to change his or her diet? What foods would you tell him or her to include in his or her diet? Meats and Milk does not contain any fiber what so ever. Basically, if one prefers to eat an all meat and milk diet, one will not receive a single ounce of fiber in what they will be eating. Therefore I would suggest that the person increase their fiber consumption by eating unpolished rice, oats, fruits and vegetables. n. Did your meals include fiber-rich bean dishes such as chili, beans in a salad, or split pea soup? Anyone interested in obtaining fiber should find ways to eat some legumes each day. Unfortunately my diet does not contain much of all the beans included above, but knowing perfectly that I have to eat legumes such as beans I will decide to include it much more often than I already do. o. If you chose to drink fruit juice instead of to eat whole fruit, what would happen to the fiber content of your diet? If you chose to drink purchased fruit juice instead of to eat whole fruit, what would happen to the calorie content of your diet? There are some pros and cons when it comes to drinking fruit juice versus eating whole fruit. First of all, whole fruits contain more fiber than any juice drink can possibly have. On the other hand, fruit juices have fixed amounts of calories, vitamins, and carbohydrates such as fiber, therefore it is much easier to control ones intake of calories than simply estimating it when I eat whole fruits; since fruits are not all have the same sizes and nutritional content. J. Anderson, S. Perryman and L. Young Anderson, J., Perryman, S., and Young, L. Dietary Fiber. December 7, 2007 from http://www.ext.colostate.edu/PUBS/FOODNUT/09333.html North Western Nutrition. Nutritio Fact Sheet: Protein. December 7, 2007 from http://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/nutrition/factsheets/protein.html Fuchs CS, Giovannucci EL, Colditz GA, et al. Dietary fiber and the risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma in women. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:169-76.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Data and IT networks are having a significant impact on the production Essay

Data and IT networks are having a significant impact on the production and distribution of radio material - Essay Example This research is mainly aimed at presenting a deep insight into the incorporation of the new technology (computer, networks, IT) in the field of Radio. This research presents a detailed analysis of the data and IT networks incorporation in the Radio field and its assessment of the significant impact on the production and distribution of radio material. This research also explorers the data and IT networks use and design for the Radio technology. Radio is a component of the electromagnetic band, minute deviations in electricity and magnetism that, similar to ripples on a pool, extensive in waves at the speed of light to present us light itself, x-rays and other rays, and radio (Ofcom). Radio waves reach us from outer space sources, the Sun being a most important source that regularly interferes with radio or TV function on earth. Jupiter is also a vigorous source of radio transmission. Mapping the radio transmission from extraterrestrial sources, acknowledged as radio astronomy, has presented information about the world that is frequently not reachable by means of optical telescopes. In addition, for the reason that the earths atmosphere does not take up robustly at radio wavelengths, radio astronomy provides definite benefits over optical, infrared, or microwave astronomy on earth (Halliday, Resnick and Krane). Over the past few years, the up-to-date Radio technology particular to the area of information and entertainment has transformed significantly. A supreme example of this is satellite radio. In the place of listen the customary Radio transmission, we at the present are able to listen the local radio channels by means of satellites out in space. The new and up-to-date IT and network technology has provided huge advantage regarding the establishment of the better radio voice quality, more coverage, and lot of other options. By means of new technology there is no downtime, affordability, additional robust content as well as the

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Business strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business strategy - Essay Example This can be attributed to its marketing strategies which are mainly aimed at satisfaction of consumers. In the global business culture and environment, there exists a very wide range of competition. Competition mainly involves between organisations with related activities and producing related commodities. According to Grant (2005) another form of competition is the fight to gain financial superiority. In the matter of financial superiority and growth, all forms of organisations are ranked under the same scale. Under this evaluation, organisations and companies seek to gain a competitive advantage. Gaining competitive advantage in the global market is not an easy task. To gain competitive advantage globally requires an impression and satisfaction of the global consumer needs and wants (Porter, 2004). Over the years, the battle of competitive advantage has seen great improvements of produced goods. Additionally, innovation levels have also increased significantly. However, as much the re is a rise in the number of companies in the global market, there are companies which have established their brand in the market. Humans find it difficult replace their current commodity preferences if they are satisfied. This gives an advantage to companies which have stayed in the market for a long time. ... Additionally, strategic decisions also play a vital role in gaining the competitive advantage. The strategic decision making is aimed at putting the organisation in a long term competitive decision making. This involves a consideration of the all factors affecting the operations and activities of the organisation (Porter, 2004). According to Lynch (2009), factors should include both environmental factors: both internal and external factors. Internal factors comprise of adoption of new technology, human resource development and the advancement of the improvement of managerial activities. External factors comprise political, legal, technological and sociological factors. A consideration of all environmental factors is the best strategy in gaining a competitive advantage in the market. Most important of all is the evaluation of the company’s target market preferences. Preferences may include the change in taste, price, accessibility and technological preferences. With the consume rs being satisfied, the organisation may then focus on how to keep them satisfied (Grant, 2005). Taking Honda into perspective, it has covered its consumer’s needs and requirements. Honda Motor Company has established itself as one of the most successful business empires in the world. It is also an exhibit of a successful business competitive strategy. In an argument presented by Honda the Power of Dreams (2010), Honda has presented researchers and students with the best research tool. Many researchers and business students use Honda as they research option due to its development and success. The growth of the Honda Motor Company is attributed to the company’s urge to fulfil and satisfy the motor market wants and preferences.

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Facilitating Learning in Professional Practice Essay

Facilitating Learning in Professional Practice - Essay Example The word construction can be used in terming the learning of nursing students in course of their education. 1 The conceptions of students change during education and they are studied by vosniadou (1994), Tynjala (1999). Their study gave knowledge about how the student nurses define the health promotion concept's relationship with health education. The student's descriptions about promotion of health emphasised the approaches, which concentrate on life style and changes in behaviour. Some students did not understand the relationship between health promotion and health education and the relationship between them in professional practice. The student must be aware of the interpretations of health promotion and the methods to apply them in practice. The change in conceptions and constructions of student nurses can be viewed as change in conceptions in the learning process. In this course the students understand what is the right meaning of health promotion. When the understanding is advanced the students act like experts. They observe a large area of results due to promotion of health and they will be able to apply them in new and critical situations. When the constructivist idea about knowledge is present, then the learning can be consistent. The learners build their knowledge by re constructing their concepts about health promotion and they interpret new information by using existing knowledge. In the process of moving from education while understanding health promotion to assess competence, it is necessary to be aware of the developments in the student in the course of education.1 In number of countries the teaching regarding health promotion in nursing education is on the basis of two WHO declarations; the Ottawa charter (1986), Health for all 2000. According to those charters, health promotion is defined as a process of making people capable of having control over their health and even to improve it. It should combine the structural change along with individual education. In nursing it is viewed as an integral part of daily practice. It should incorporate disease centred approach as proposed by Robinson and Hill (1995) as they are cited in 'Investigating student nurses' constructions of health promotion in nursing education, health education research'. But this is not enough. For modern needs of the society the nursing students must be equipped with promotion of health, which incorporates societal, political, economic and media aspects. The new approach should refer to interaction about promotion of health, which needs to clarify about the values, beliefs and determinants of health along with behaviour. The aim should be well being of individuals and empowerment of their communities. The promotion of health is situation specific and occurs in even complex situations. Then the knowledge building needs flexibility along with critical thinking, which reflects health promotion. The most complex form of change in student's conception is about revision at the level of theory, which is capable of causing misconceptions. This results in inconsistency and inertia. The studies of Tynjala (1999) establish that the change in concepts occurs on four levels; individual's semantic level, at the level of relationships between concepts, ontological level, and at the level of theory. According to Boud and Walker (1998) the context is the most important influence on reflection of learning. Different

Friday, July 26, 2019

Should Assisted Suicide Be Legal in USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Should Assisted Suicide Be Legal in USA - Essay Example In an actively assisted suicide the person who assists will be held to have actively participated in taking positive acts in ending another’s life, and alternatively, passively assisted suicide would denote a situation where the death has come about to a negative act, or an omission, of the person who assists. (A possible case for passively assisted suicide is Airedale NHS Trust v Bland where a patient had been in a persistent vegetative state for a long time and the life-support machine was disconnected.) However, Sumner1 argued in his book that this distinction between active and passive euthanasia is â€Å"both obscure and misleading†. Normally, assisted suicide would occur when a physician administers a life-ending injection to the patient, this is called medically-assisted suicide, and the act of assisted suicide has been embroiled in a myriad of legal, ethical and medical battles because of this very reason. At the heart of the controversy lies the contradiction t hat if a patient, with his own free consent, decides to end his own life, should the ones who assisted him/her or allowed him/her to commit such an act (for example, the physician), be charged with accounts of aiding/abetting murder or manslaughter? According to Davies2 this term would denote any decision taken in relation to termination of a person’s life. The issue is surrounded in controversies: the academic, legal and medical view on the question differs greatly mainly because this issue, just like the issue of abortion, is a burning one. To conclude whether assisted death may be legalized in the UK, both ends of the spectrums must be analyzed and evaluated. On the one end lies the argument of â€Å"sanctity of human life† and on the other end lie the human rights of issue: if a person has a right to live and this right has been granted to him under the law, he also has a right to end his life in whichever way he pleases – the state should not intrude. This imbroglio within this topic tends to divide the views on the basis of religion, political motivation, jurisprudential school of thought and it beckons a strong and varied discussion on whether law should follow morals, or vice versa. The purpose of this paper will be to evaluate the views that support and discourage on both sides of the spectrum. Basically, euthanasia or assisted suicide tends to polarize the views in just two directions: the school that allows this and the school that doesn’t. But practically, the issues that plague this concept are based on law and ethics: One side of law allows it but the other denies it, similarly, one side of ethics favors it but the other discourages it. And this is main reason why this issue still has not been settled, and why euthanasia has neither been expressly forbidden in law nor entirely allowed. The paper will first examine the legal issues that surround this issue. According to Suicide Act 1961 the issue of assisted suicide is punishable with 14 years imprisonment under Section 2(1), however because much debate has sparked in recent times regarding â€Å"human rights† â€Å"individual choice† â€Å"free consent† etc. it is unlikely that this sentence would be given out that readily to those who do assist people to terminate their lives3. Therefore there is a dire need of clarity in the law regarding assisted suicide. The

Environmental Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental Sustainability - Essay Example "Sustainability means using, developing and protecting resources at a rate and in a manner that enables people to meet their current needs and also provides that future generations can meet their own needs."(www.ezinearticles.com) When the aspect of Environmental Sustainability comes into the picture, numerous environmentalists have given numerous sets of causes, impact, and effects, that have contributed and led to environmental degradation. Numerous environmentalists have been discussing various causes for the degradation and the major three of them are discussed here. Firstly, the concept of growth of population is one of the main aspects of the various concepts put forth by scientists and environmentalists. It is largely felt that growth in world population has led to the greater demands for resources and has also been creating more and more demands for employment, social services, education, greater political and socio-economic efficacy.

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Anomie Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anomie - Assignment Example However, many, especially the lower class and lower middle class are mostly affected and thus unable to achieve their desired thoughts and achievements they keep to the social rules, they thus claim responsibility for their failure, and they continue to keep to their social. Best examples of conformists could be team leaders, students especially at tertiary levels and also apart of workers or employees in an organization. Education and vocational ways are followed by these people to achieve their goals and gain more wealth. Merton discusses innovation as his second mode of adaptation. Merton argues that most of behaviors related with crimes can be categorized as innovative. Innovators are said to be people who live to embrace monetary and material success as a worthy goal, but also individuals who deviate or turn to crime when they realize that their experience or social status restricts access to genuine means of success. According to Gomme, the archetypal example of an innovator is a typical gangster young immigrant with intelligence and ambitions who abandons genuine means to succeed by means of corruption. A good example is a drug trafficker who desires wealth and the best social status yet the attempts of acquiring such ambitions are unfair and illegal. This means that innovators are not seriously offending others: individuals who fake their work experience or educational background in curriculum vitae or an interview would also fall in this class. The third adaptation according to Merton can be said to be ritualism. Ritualists isolate the strain of anomie by reducing their own aspirations of Victor to a point where goals are more practically achievable. They consent to their social status and caste, as well as adhere to the organizational means consistently as they are required to follow. Ritualists tend to avoid taking risks like a violation of law, and in addition, they have no problem living within the confines of daily monotony. As Gomme describes, fo r ritualists; the means became ends in them. A telemarketer or agent who is situated in a customer care desk can pose a demonstration about a ritualistic response. This agent will work hard and also behave conventionally on grounds that he/she accepts the personal wealth and additionally the social prestige. This will them make him/her have a revision on the goals so as he/she is subjected to alignment of possibilities that are practical.it is also depicted that bureaucrats and administrators who are employed in large institutions also pose such ritualistic response making their ambitions to be adaptable to the available possibilities for success. However, ritualists are not depicted as threats to the social and organizational structure since they maintain an outward stability on socio-cultural norms and hence they do not break the law (Gomme 51). Retreatism is discussed by Merton as his fourth adaptation. Retreatists have a tendency for a more dramatic response to the stress of ano mie. Retreatists finally give up if they are driven by the forced expectations of social achievement through conventional and indigenous ways: they then turn back to the cultural goals and also the norms of the society that brings success. Durkheim posed an observation that stated that suicide can be viewed as a retreat which so ultimate. Merton has

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

The Effectiveness of Organizational Actions, Structures, and Research Paper

The Effectiveness of Organizational Actions, Structures, and Multiagency Involvement in Response to Homeland Security - Research Paper Example Terrorism is definitely a serious issue for the super power America as it has faced one of the most devastating terrorist attacks in century (Bullock et al, 2012 p. xv). Positioning statement The department of the Homeland security( DHS) was founded by the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-296) signed on November 25, 2002 with departments from 22 different government agencies initiating official operations on March1, 2003. The DHS has since then underwent a series of restructurings and reorganizations with the aim to improve its efficiency and effectiveness. This section will deal with the actions taken by the US government in tackling the counter terrorism aspect and its subsequent development of a strong base structure with the involvement of the multilateral agencies engaged in tackling the counter terrorism issue. Literature Review Background of the problem The aspect of terrorism is a transnational threat that entails potential risks to the global interests of United State s’ manifested and developed from the international and the domestic surroundings. The core theme of the United States efforts in addressing these transnational issues is to detect, deter and defeat the terrorist faction, primarily the Al Qaeda (Painter, 2011, p. 8). Supporting evidence The Obama administration recognized the significance of the home ground jihadist threat in two of its recent strategy documents. In June 2011, the administration announced the National strategy for the counter terrorism which focused on the Al Qaeda, its affiliates and its adherents. Obama’s top counter terrorism advisor John Brennan publicly described that homeland security is the primary area of emphasis with respect to counterterrorism efforts. In August 2011, the Obama administration released a strategy for combating the violent extremism revolving around the counter action of the radicalization of all types of potential terrorists. The domestic focus of the policy was the protection of the civil rights, federal cooperation with the local leaders in the private and the public sectors. In 2004, Congress passed the project Bio Shield in order to encourage the private sector to develop certain biological counter measures to protect the lethal effects of the biological menace done by the terrorist attacks (Painter, 2011, pp. 8-10). The National Counterterrorism Center is the primary organization for the integration and analyzing the processes involved with terrorism. The system provides all source intelligence support to the government wide counter terrorism activities and establishment of the information technology systems and architectures and infrastructure between the NCTC and the other agencies. The NCTC serves as the chief advisor to the Director of National Intelligence on the international organizations for the strategic operation planning of the counter terrorism (Counterterrorism, n.d., p.3). In the fall of 2001, the anthrax incidents induced the potentia l biological attacks against the nation. In January 2001, President Bush declared a supplementary appropriation with an amount of around $ 1 billion to tighten the states’ capabilities of the bio-terrorism. Developments were made by the states in the utilization of

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Morgan State University professor convicted of fraud scheme Essay

Morgan State University professor convicted of fraud scheme - Essay Example In 2011, the prosecution alleges that the professor cunningly falsified documents in a desperate attempt to hide the fraud he had committed. In addition to the fraud, Jha also obtained funds from students through false utterances. He misinformed them that part of the Department of Defense grants was to be handed back to him. He received a total of $36000, which he later deposited into his personal bank account. Although there is overwhelming evidence against Jha, he has pleaded not guilty. His sentencing has been scheduled for July. The Manoj Kumar Jha’s case is not the first fraud case at Morgan State University. Robert Lee Terrell, an employee of the University, is alleged to have stolen $66,000 in state funds. He is waiting to be arraigned in court later this month. Morgan State University issued a statement about the Jha’s case. It announced it had done everything within its power to aid cooperation with the federal investigation. Furthermore, it announced that its mechanism of identifying potential fraud had been upgraded, and this new system will quickly arrest any potential fraud before it

Monday, July 22, 2019

Person Centred-Care Essay Example for Free

Person Centred-Care Essay It’s important to promote person centred values as no individual is the same and everyone’s needs are different. Therefore we need to show that we have taken into account the individual as it will make them feel more valued and appreciated. It gives a personal touch to our standard of care. Another reason for the importance of promoting person centred values, is to make not just the service user feel valued but also make the families feel that we are taking on board their knowledge and understanding of the service user, in order to give him/her the best care possible. Consent: see more:define person centred values nvq 2 Consent is giving permission to do something, with an individual either taking part in an activity or accepting some kind of care or treatment. It is a legal requirement that consent is established before any intervention or caregiving activity takes place. Establishing consent is one way care workers can demonstrate they respect the individual and the individual’s personal dignity. Consent can be given in a number of ways; verbally, in writing or through actions. You may also have informed consent, such as perhaps by raising an arm to be supported when dressing, and thereby imply consent. Informed consent is given when the individual understands what they are consenting to. If we’re unable to gain consent you will go to the person allocated such as a social worker, next of kin (family) or advocates/solicitor.

Communication Strategies in Nursery Settings

Communication Strategies in Nursery Settings This essay will be exploring the importance of effective communication strategies within nursery settings; also highlighting potential barriers which could be faced by practitioners and managers. It will also be discussing the benefits of staff appraisals, along with implementation strategies for appraisals, grievance and disciplinary procedures. Employment processes will also be discussed within this essay, with particular reference to policies which must be in place within nurseries; in compliance with national standards. Effective management within a setting is important as â€Å"the quality of management is one of the most important factors in the success of any organisation† (Mullins, 2010, P.786). In order to become an effective manager background knowledge and understanding of certain areas is required. Communication takes place within the daily running of a nursery through many different forms, including; verbal and non-verbal communication. However communication may be misread by the receiver if the communicator’s facial expressions, body language or lack of eye contact is misleading; a good connection between the communicator and receiver is essential as it ensure the message is received correctly. Effective communication ensures good working practice and a welcoming atmosphere within settings for practitioners, children and parents. â€Å"Communication is therefore a central component of effective business operations† (Hargle, et al, 2004). Although managers must practice good communication skills with their staff team, it is a two-way process requiring all participants to effectively practice these skills; ensuring positive outcomes. However this is not always possible, as some participants are not always willing to listen to or accept others ideas or opinions. By becoming active listeners’ individuals are consciously practising effective listening skills and promoting good practice; however this may not always happen in daily practice, as the environment plays an important role in effective communication. If the setting is busy or not all members of staff are in the same area, communication would therefore be more difficult; resulting in some messages not being passed on or forgotten. There are three general categories for communication; aggressive, assertive and passive. Good managers and leaders aim to be assertive communicators, to ensure the goal is reached but also ensuring all parties feel valued. Whereas passive and aggressive communication are not effective forms of communication for leaders and managers; as passive communicators do not like to put their ideas forward and go along with others to avoid conflict. Aggressive communicators are â€Å"generally perceived as selfish and unwilling to compromise† (About.com, 2012). These will form barriers to effective communication as some recipients will not be willing to listen to aggressive communications, as they may feel they are being dictated to. The ability to guide practitioners through situations which may arise ensures effective leadership and positive outcomes for children. Although managers are required to implement new requirements, such as the reformed EYFS, many members of staff may not be comfortable with the change. â€Å"Effective leaders understand that any organisational change can have a major impact on the lives of those involved or affected by it† (Rood, 2006, P.186). The leadership continuum, developed by Tannenbaum and Schmidt, shows â€Å"a range of action related to the degree of authority used by the manager and to the area of freedom available to non-managers in arriving at decisions† (Mullins, 2007, P.372). Effective leadership empowers staff members to work towards a shared goal, achieving positive outcomes for children, practitioners and the setting. To achieve this, leaders must inspire others through positive role modelling, collaboration, open-ended conversation and encouragement. Isabelle Albanese’s 4 Cs of communication are comprehension, credibility, connection and contagiousness. â€Å"The 4Cs quickly provide a pocket tool to evaluate the effectiveness of every kind of communication† (PMP, 2014); ensuring communication is precise, understood, captivating and progressing in achieving goals. Therefore by using the 4 Cs managers and practitioners alike are able to focus on essential information within their communication, ensuring the effective running of the nursery. Appraisals are usually carried out within nursery settings on an annual basis, in order to discuss evaluate and track individual practitioner’s performance, progress and future ambitions; with particular reference to training needs and future professional targets. The appraisal form provides a documented account of what has been discussed by management and staff members, with a signed copy of individual action targets agreed by all parties involved in the process. It must also comply with the UK Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006, which states that â€Å"It is unlawful to discriminate, harass or victimise job applicants, employees or trainees on the grounds of age† (Compact law, 1996-2014); all correspondence recorded in the appraisal process should not discriminate against the individual due to their age, race, religion or disability. Management training on how to deliver effective appraisal is beneficial as it ensures management are motivating their staff to reach their full potential; whereas ineffective appraisals will make practitioners feel demotivated in their job role. Effective appraisal systems must measure, debate and plan individual development and targets, generating useful feedback in both directions (Hay, 2008). Appraisals also offer practitioners the chance to voice their opinions and ideas on the running of the nursery; therefore managers must be open to ideas and opinions of their staff in order to maintain positive working relationships and improve their setting in the best interests of staff and children. Appraisals are a chance for both managers and practitioners to raise any concerns they may have over working practice, whilst also reflecting on their own performance within their role; both positive and negative. However some practitioners may see appraisals as a chance for management to be ne gative and list issues they may have; therefore it is essential for managers to take into account the views and opinions of practitioners, and offer constructive targets for improvements. â€Å"New staff should be given copies of policies and procedures as part of the induction process and given the opportunity to discuss them with their line manager† (Daly, et al, 2009, P.287).This should include the nursery’s appraisal policy, and should be easily accessible for practitioners to access when they require. The policy should clearly state what is expected from both practitioners and management during the appraisal process. Employees are often required to fill out an appraisal form prior to meeting with management, where they are able to reflect upon their own job performance. It is important for managers to provide practitioners with the last year’s appraisal, to allow them to reflect on whether they have achieved their own personal development targets; also giving them the chance to complete targets they may feel they haven’t achieved. However it could be argued that self-appraisal should be continuous practice throughout the year, in order to maintain high standards of care and learning for the children. â€Å"Self-appraisal should not only be seen as part of the appraisal process. It is also, in a more or less informal way, a regular feature of nursery work† (Sadek and Sadek, 2004, P.140). Performance appraisals are a good tool in identifying particular individuals who are progressing well in their job role, and who may be eligible to progress to the next pay and job level; within some bigger nurseries. They also prove worthwhile in motivating individuals within their role, through personalised discussion and development targets. â€Å"Managers of effective settings provide intellectual stimulation for their staff, along with respectful individualised support† (Miller, et al, 2012, P.288). Although the appraisal process provides a private personalised time where individuals are able to discuss their concerns with managers, it is important for managers to address any pertinent issues with staff as they arise. This therefore ensures that issues are resolves quickly and effectively, rather than being left to escalate. However this is not always possible within larger nurseries whether staff members do not always come into contact with management. Like the appraisal policy the disciplinary and grievances procedures must be clearly set out within a policy, and kept in an easily accessible place for employees to refer to as required. These procedures ensure the safety and protection of all staff in the setting; in accordance with the ACAS code of practice and current legislation, including the Employment Act 2008. They provide â€Å"clear and transparent structures for dealing with difficulties which may arise as part of the working relationships from either the employers or employees perspective† (CIPD, 2014). The policies should also set out what is expected from staff members, in relation to their conduct; therefore trying to avoid such issues; however this is not always possible. Issues which may arise include lateness, capability, bullying and performance of individual practitioners. Disciplinary and grievance procedures aim to deal with these issues in house, without the involvement of a tribunal. The three stages of the disciplinary procedure are as follows; issuing a letter to the employee, a meeting between management and the employee and then finally a chance for an appeal. The ACAS code of practice states that â€Å"employers would be well advised to keep a written record of and disciplinary or grievances cases they deal with† (ACAS, 2009, P.2). This is an important aspect of the procedure, as the records provide evidence in case the issue goes to an employment tribunal. Training is essential in order for management to conduct an effective disciplinary interview; â€Å"Having the appropriate training and knowledge enables you to be in control and manage any situations that arise† (Niched, 2012). Employees should be given advanced notice of the meeting in the form of a letter, at least 72 hours prior to the meeting. All facts surrounding the case should be examined and investigated prior to the meeting, ensuring management are aware of all the facts. It is essential that another member of management records notes during the meeting, to guarantee that evidence is collected in case a tribunal is called. All parties involved must be able to put their side across, with plenty of time; this may include relevant witnesses to the case. In order for the manager to make an informed decision they must remain impartial during the meeting, then deliver the verdict to the employee in writing; along with information in case they wish to appeal the verdict. In conclusion to the interview the outcome may involve no action being taken, a warning being issued or the dismissal of the employee. The manager with decide which of these outcomes is appropriate due to the nature of the case; however they must be able to prove their decision is appropriate and reasonable. Instead of filing a formal procedure employees should be able to approach their managers on a daily basis to discuss any issues; however they may not always feel comfortable doing this. The employment of new staff within nursery settings follows three stages; advertisement, selection and recruitment and induction. Nurseries are required to have policies in place to reflect these stages, stating how they aim to employ high quality staff whilst maintaining equal opportunities for all applicants. The wide deployment of advertisements at the same time allows a wider range of applicants to apply for the job, with equal time to apply. The vacancy should be advertised to all areas of the community, which is essential to maintain equal opportunities. To select potential candidates from all the applications managers must review their curriculum vitae against the job description. This is an effective way to avoid discrimination, as they are not being deterred by race, gender or age; it is focussing on their individual skills and attributes, which are appropriate to the role. Having two members of management involved in selecting new members of staff promotes equal opportunities and avoids discrimination; all decisions should be recorded and delivered in writing. Settings must have an induction policy which clearly sets out how new staff will be introduced to the setting; effectively informing them of the daily running of the nursery and settling them into the environment. This should also include the new member of staff being given the nursery policies to look at, making them aware of the policies and procedures; also identifying children with particular needs or allergies. This is an effective tool during the induction as it avoids mistakes being made, for example a child with a dairy intolerance being given milk to drink by accident. In an ideal world the shadowing of a current member of staff would provide the new employee with a mentor and a chance to familiarise themselves with the daily running of the setting. However this is not always the case or possible within settings, as due to the busy nature of the environment existing staff members may not have the time to show them certain things; resulting in the new employee not gaining the relevant knowledge needed. The staff development policy must take into account the ever changing needs of the children in the setting, as well as the changes in legal requirements; such as the reformed Early Years Foundation stage. The key elements of effective practice (KEEP) states that effective practitioners must have, â€Å"knowledge and understanding in order to actively support and extend children’s learning in and across all areas and aspects of learning† (Surestart, 2005, P.3). Individual staff personal development plans identify the training needs of individuals, ensuring they receive this training is essential as high quality care and education is important in ensuring positive outcomes for all children. â€Å"Effective practice in the early years requires committed, enthusiastic and reflective practitioners with a breadth and depth of knowledge, skills and understanding† (Wilcock, 2012, P.50). The settings promotion policy should clearly set out how promotions will be identifie d and given at appropriate times, in accordance with the recruitment policy and equal opportunities; staff appraisals also help to identify potential candidates for promotion. In conclusion effective communication is essential within nursery settings to ensure the smooth daily running of the setting, whilst also achieving the highest outcomes for children. There are many potential barriers to effective communication, which must be overcome by all practitioners to maintain effective practice, and positive working environments. Appraisals are an important factor within staff development as they identify positive aspects of practice, whilst also identifying improvement targets; improving the environment and care of the children. Disciplinary and grievance procedures must be carried out effectively in order to resolve issues quickly and appropriately, within the best interests of all involved. The employment of new staff should reflect equal opportunities, whilst retaining high quality staff appropriate to the role.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Achieving Universal Electricity Access

Achieving Universal Electricity Access PART I: INTRODUCTION Background of Study The importance of modern energy services in promoting socio-economic development has been extensively documented in the literature (Kaygusuz 2011), (Kanagawa and Nakata 2007) (Kanagawa and Nakata 2008). Access to modern energy services is closely related to other indicators of a descent standard of living in the 21st century, namely, availability of portable drinking water, literacy, health services, child mortality, etc (Meisen and Akin 2008). For example, in rural areas, the higher luminance of modern lighting brightens homes and encourages pupils to study in the nights; clean cookstoves and cookers using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) can reduce incidences of indoor-air pollution caused by reliance on traditional biomass for cooking (Isihak, Akpan and Adeleye 2012), etc. As the most versatile carrier of energy, electricity is important in the provisions of basic social services in health, water, etc. Electricity is also useful promoting the income formation in rural areas through t he development of rural microenterprises (Akpan, Essien and Isihak 2013a). Electricity also powers large machinery in factories to increase productivity. Modern energy services, especially electricity, are crucial to several sectors of the economy of any country: higher education, agriculture, financial services, communication, rural development, etc. Despite the huge advantages of having access to electricity, several millions of persons around the world lack access to electricity. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimated that in 2011 about xxx billion persons lacked access to electricity of which xxx million were in sub-Saharan Africa (IEA 2011). Consequently, one of the major energy challenges confronting countries in sub-Sahara Africa is that of providing access to modern energy services to its citizens. The electricity access situation in Nigeria is similar to that of many developing countries: the electricity access rate in Nigeria – the percentage of population without access to electricity – is 56% (NPC 2014) which is equivalent to about xxx million persons. However, the electricity access rates in the various states vary significantly from 10.9% in Taraba State to 99.1% in Lagos State as shown in Fig. 1. Figure 1: Electricity access rate in Nigeria by states Source of data: (NPC 2014) Three main factors which are inter-related are responsible for this disparity in the electricity access rates across the states: The population density across the states varies significantly as shown in Fig. 2. Places with higher population density have higher commercial activities and in-turn higher demand for electricity. Therefore, transmission and distribution lines are often constructed to deliver electricity to such locations because the electricity so delivered will not be under-utilized[1]; The major sources of electricity generation are natural gas and hydro. The gas-powered plants are located in the Niger Delta area where there is abundance of natural gas while the hydropower plants are in Niger State. Because transmission lines are constructed to evaluate power from the generation source to demand areas, these states and other states along the path of the transmission lines tend to have higher electricity access rates; Due to the first two reasons itemized above, the national grid does not cover all parts of the country. The electricity grid covers the states with high population density but not those with low population density as shown in Fig. 3. Figure 2: Population density across the different states in Nigeria Source of data: (National Population Commission, Nigeria 2006) Figure 3: Map of Nigeria showing existing, ongoing, and proposed generation and transmission (HV) projects Source: Transmission Company of Nigeria Given the importance of electricity access to sustainable socio-economic development of a country, the government of Nigeria carried out comprehensive reforms in the electricity sector to promote efficiency in the sector. One of the objectives of the electricity sector reforms is to increase access to electricity in areas with low electricity access rate. Consequently, the Electric Power Sector Reform Act 2005 created the Rural Electrification Agency to set up and administer the Rural Electrification Fund. As noted in the Act, the purpose of the Fund is to promote rural electrification programs through public and private sector participation in order to achieve more equitable access to electricity across the various states and to ensure universal access to electricity in Nigeria within the shortest possible time. Most rural electrification projects are done by extending the existing grid to the unelectrified communities. However, studies have shown that in situations where there is a larger problem of availability of sufficient generation capacity such as in Nigeria, extending the existing grid only connects households to the grid but does not necessarily imply that electricity will be available for household or productive uses (Akpan, Essien and Isihak 2013a). Moreover, grid-extension is capital intensive which implies that it will only be cost-effective when there is adequate demand for electricity in the unelectrified communities, otherwise, it will lead to underutilization. Incidentally, as we highlighted earlier, the population densities of the states with low electricity access rate are also relatively low. In addition, substantial percentage of the population in these places lives in rural areas where energy is needed mainly to meet the basic needs of lighting and cooking. The high cos t of extending the existing grid, coupled with the low population density and the low energy demand implies that other options for increasing electricity access in these areas, i.e. decentralized option, may be considered. Indeed, studies have shown that the use of decentralized option to increase electricity access in rural areas with sparse population settlement pattern and low electricity demand profiles is usually cost-effective (Bhattacharyya 2012a). The decentralized option will often use locally-available energy sources, usually solar, wind, or hydro, to generating electricity to meet the demand in the unelectrified community. These locally available energy sources may be complemented by a stand-alone diesel/gasoline generating set. The role of the rural electrification planner in this situation is to examine the cost-effective technology option, between grid-extension and decentralized electrification, for providing access to electricity in unelectrified communities. Spatial Electricity Planning Given the huge capital outlay required to construct transmission and distribution grids, and the fact the in many developing countries a large percentage of the population resides in rural where the electricity demand profiles may be low thereby leading to gross under-utilization of electricity, several studies have used electricity planning models to obtain the cost-effective option between grid-extension and off-grid electrification for increasing electricity access in rural areas (Sinha and Kandpal 1991), (Nouni, Mullick and Kandpal 2008), (Parshall, et al. 2009) (Deichmann, et al. 2011). These studies examine the cost of delivering a given amount of electricity from the point where the existing grid terminates to an unelectrified community by extending the existing grid and compares that the cost of using an off-grid option to deliver the same amount of electricity. The cost of grid-extension usually covers the capital cost of extending the medium and/or low-voltage transmission or distribution lines to the unelectrified communities having different levels of load, the cost of increasing the generation capacity to meet the additional load levels, the cost of constructing 33/11kV substations if required, the maintenance cost, and the potential transmission/distribution losses. The cost of the off-grid option usually include the cost of constructing the distribution lines and the cost of generating electricity using different locally available sources of energy, and the maintenance cost. In more recent times, some studies (Parshall, et al. 2009), (Sanoh, et al. 2012) have incorporated geographic information system (GIS) models to this traditional electricity planning method. GIS enables the planner to visualize the spatial location of the unelectrified communities in reference to the location of the electricity grid and to calculate the spatial distance of the communities from the grid. This procedure eases the process of estimating the capital cost of extending the existing grid because the capital cost is directly proportional to the distance of unelectrified communities from the grid. Another study (Kemausuor, et al. 2014) applied the Network Planner Tool which is a free web-based program that integrates geospatial information with energy demand information at a disaggregated level to assist electricity sector planners in determining the least-cost technology option for increasing electricity access. The model was developed by the Sustainable Engineering Lab of th e Earth Institute, Columbia University, United States. Objective of the Study This study seeks to examine the cost and the least-cost technology options for achieving universal electricity access in Nigeria, i.e. electricity access for all, within a specified investment timeline. This is done by applying the Network Planner Model at the state level and then aggregating the results to provide a whole picture for the entire country. It is important to note that the model may be applied at the national level but we preferred the state level so as to provide a picture of the situation at a disaggregated level. Organization of the Study This study is organized into five parts: Part I is the Introduction which sets the background for the study; Part II is an overview of the electricity sector in Nigeria; and Part III is a presentation of the Network Planner Tool which is used in the Study. In Part IV, we present the comprehensive results; while in Part V we provide our concluding remarks. PART II: Electricity Sector in Nigeria Legal Framework The year 2005 is a pivot year in the organization of the electricity sector in Nigeria because of the Electric Power Sector Reform (EPSR) Act, 2005 which is the prevailing legal framework governing Nigeria’s electricity sector. Prior to 2005, the sector was managed by a centralized, vertically integrated, state-owned monopoly called National Electric Power Authority (NEPA) which was created in 1972. By the late 1990s and early 2000s, NEPA was characterized with large wage bills due to over-staffing, accumulated debt, low rate of recovery of bills, and corruption. The poor performance of the sector in terms of low generating capacity relative to high demand, and erratic nature of supply necessitated reforms. The reforms were envisaged as a vehicle to attract private sector investment in the generation segment, improve reliability of electricity services, and improve operational and managerial efficiency in the sector. Prior to the enactment of the EPSR Act 2005, there was the N ational Electric Power Policy in 2001 which expressed the readiness of government to engage in far reaching reforms to increase the operational efficiency of the sector and set the stage for the Act. The EPSR Act 2005 mandated the vertical unbundling the various segments of the electricity value chain; the horizontal unbundling of the facilities in the generation segment; the decentralization of the distribution activities; the privatization of the successor companies from the vertical and horizontal unbundling; the creation of an independent regulator (Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission) which is also mandated to promote private sector participation in the generating segment through independent power plants (IPPs); and the establishment of the Rural Electrification Agency. The present structure of the Nigerian electricity sector is shown in Fig. 1. Figure 1: Organizational structure of the Nigerian electricity market Source: Author’s compilation Energy resources and utilization Nigeria is highly endowed with energy resources. Its resources based comprises of solid, liquid, and gaseous fossil fuels as well as renewable energy although they are not equally distributed across the country. Fossil Fuels Nigeria’s crude oil is classified as â€Å"light† and â€Å"sweet† and is concentrated in the Niger Delta part of the country as well as the Bight of Bonny. At the end of 2011, Nigeria’s proved recoverable crude oil reserve was estimated to be 37.2 billion barrels making Nigeria to have the ninth largest  [2] crude oil reserves in the world and the second in Africa (World Energy Council, 2013). Nigeria produced about 1.75 million barrels of oil per day in 2013 (based on figures from the organization of petroleum exporting countries, OPEC) and exports a greater part of the unrefined crude oil. Xx% of domestic demand for refined products is met through imports. In terms of end-use, Xx% of gasoline (premium motor spirit) and diesel is consumed in the transportation sector, xx% for self-generated electricity, and the remaining used as industrial inputs (ref). As with crude oil, Nigeria’s natural gas is concentrated in the Niger Delta part of Nigeria and the Bight of Bonny. At the end of 2011, Nigeria’s proved recoverable gas reserves was estimated to be 5110 billion cubic meters (180.5 trillion cubic feet) making Nigeria to have the eight largest natural gas reserve in the world and largest in Africa (World Energy Council, 2013). Although Nigeria produces and exports much of its gas, a large proportion is being flared. In 2011, (World Bank, Flaring Estimates Produced by Satellite Observations, 2011) estimate that 14.6 billion cubic meters of natural gas was being flared in Nigeria. Domestic utilization of gas is mainly for power production and a small percentage is used for domestic cooking. Of the xxxMW of installed generation capacity in Nigeria, 6558MW is from gas-powered generating plants (UNECA, 2011). Nigeria also has considerable amount of coal and tar sand which are barely utilized. The Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) 2012 estimated these to be 2.7 billion tons and 31 billion barrels of oil equivalent respectively (Energy Commission of Nigeria, 2012). Renewable Energy Nigeria is blessed with enormous renewable energy resources, mainly hydro, solar, wind, and biomass. The hydrography of Nigeria is made up of several rivers as shown in Fig xx and these rivers are themselves parent rivers to many other adjoining streams. This network of water bodies provides huge potential hydro-electric power. The REMP estimated that up to 11250MW and 3500MW of large and small hydro electricity power respectively can be obtained from Nigeria’s hydro resources. However, this potential has been grossly under-utilized because only 1900MW and 64.2 MW of large and small hydro power plants have been installed till date. The southern fringes with the Atlantic Ocean experience up to 3500mm/year of rainfall occurring in over eight months while rainfall in the northern Sahelian region has rainfall sometimes last for only three months yielding 500mm/year. This implies that even though there is high potential for mini hydro electric schemes in the entire country, the most attractive regions for mini hydro power will be Southern region. Figure 2: Major Rivers in Nigeria Source: Author’s adaptation from blank map by RadosÅ‚aw Botev Due to the diverse climatic zones ranging from the mangrove swamps in the South to the Sahel savanna in the North, together with very diverse physical geography, Nigeria’s solar and wind resources vary significantly across different parts of the country. According to the REMP, average solar irradiation is between 4 and 6.5 kWh/m2/day while average wind speed is 2-4m/s at 10m for mainland areas. Till date, only about 15MW of solar installations exist often as solar home services, public lighting, or traffic lights (refs). Geothermal energy resources exist in some part of the country (Kurowska Schoeneich, 2010) identified warm springs in Ikogosi (Ondo State), Wikki (Bauchi State), Ruwan zafi (Gyakan hot spring, Adamawa State), and Akira (Awe local government area, Nassarawa State). However, a techno-economic feasibility and viability study on the potential for geothermal based electricity is yet to be conducted till date. Biomass is perhaps the most used energy form in Nigeria. According to xxx, biomass use consist of xx% of final energy consumption in Nigeria. Xx% of rural areas rely on biomass to meet their cooking needs (expand and consolidate). Biomass accounts for 37% of aggregate energy demand and 95% of rural energy use (REMP, 2005). Biomass is being depleted in some of the northern states due to desert encroachment. Studies have shown that even people with electricity access still really on biomass for cooking (Bhattacharyya, 2012; IEA, 2010). The reliance on biomass for cooking seem to be more cultural than economical Electricity Supply and Demand Publicly distributed electricity generation in Nigeria is dominated by hydro and gas-fired plants with an installed capacity of 1900MW and 6558MW respectively (UNECA, 2011). However, as at the end of 2012, the combine operational capacity of all the generating facilities was below 4600MW (FGN, 2013). There are also cogeneration plants; completed generation projects under the National Integrated Power Projects (NIPPs)[3]; and stranded power from completed IPPs which are yet to be connected to the grid (Eberhard Gratwick, 2012). As a fast-growing economy with a population of over 165 million (World Bank, 2013) and a rising number of middle-class, the demand for electricity in Nigeria far outpaces the effective capacity to supply. Daily data on peak generation and peak demand forecast from May through September, 2014 from the website of the Presidential Task Force on Power Reforms[4] showed that peak generation fluctuate between 3000MW and 4000MW while peak demand is over 12000MW yield ing a supply gap of between 8000MW and 9000MW with resulting frequent sporadic outages in areas that are connected to the grid. Moreover, Nigeria’s generation capacity per capita is relatively low when compared to other developing countries as shown in table xxx while the demand for electricity is constantly increasing. (what is the estimated electricity demand in Nigeria and the projected level of increase? ) The program requires data at different levels – household, community, and national. At the household level, data on household electricity demand profile are required. Since households belong to communities, the summation of the electricity demand of all households in a community forms the electricity demand – and also requires different types of data which may be grouped into five categories. We present below the data requirement and the modeling procedure of the Network Planner Tool. Geospatial data The model requires data on the spatial location (longitude and latitude) of the demand centers. The model also requires data on the coverage of the existing medium voltage in the area where demand centers are located. [1] It is important to mention that in states that have very low population density, there is also much variation in the population densities across the local government areas (LGAs). For example, even though the population density of Taraba State is 54persons/km2, within Taraba, the population density varies from 10 persons/km2 in Gashaka LGA to 713 persons/km2 in Jalingo LGA (2006 Census Report figures) [2] Tenth, if oil sands are included in Canada’s oil reserves. [3] Details of the structure and projects under the NIPP can be found at http://www.nipptransactions.com/ [4] http://www.nigeriapowerreform.org/

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Titus :: essays research papers

Desdemona, on the other hand, is only heard talking naturally with other people. Yet, she too is developed through both the content and form of her speech. For example, Desdemona's conversations with Emilia, particularly at the end of the play (IV, iii), reveal aspects of her character as well as Emilia's character. Have students look at these and discuss what they reveal about each of the characters. ] When it was enacted upon the stage, Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus was most probably received by its 16th century audiences in much the same way as Dallas and Melrose Place are received by contemporary 20th century audiences. Therefore it is important to remember that art does not necessarily have to be haute couture in order to be an accurate representation of popular ideologies. In fact, more often than not, it is the entertainment of the bourgeois that is a better mimic of these ideologies. If we realize that Shakespeare's primary objective was not to make social commentary or criticize his own culture but rather to entertain, we can observe how his works, and indeed almost all works of art, as Frederic Jameson has stated, "as though for the first time, bring into being that very situation to which [they are] also, at one and the same time, a reaction." (Montrose essay, p.57) With this is mind I would like to reveal how Shakespeare's treatment of the female character Lavinia in Titus Andronicus is a window through which can be seen not only the objectification of woman in 16th and 17th century culture and some of the problems which arise when the woman is viewed as an assignable property, but also the subtle shift from the outward control of woman to the interiorizing of control of woman through her own self-image. Perhaps most easily recognizable is the objectification and assignability of 16th and 17th century woman. By objectification and assignability I mean the near-universal notion, and in many cases legal fact, that women, especially of the upper class, were accepted by their fathers, their husbands, and the state, to be bought, sold, and treated as property. At the very beginning of the play Lavinia is referred to as "Rome's rich ornament" by her suitor Bassianus (I.i.). When she actually enters the scene she has eight lines of praise for her father's valor and honor and then, after a cursory acknowledgment by him, she is silent. Meanwhile her father chooses the new king, the new king chooses her as his bride, her father agrees (although he seems more proud to Titus :: essays research papers Desdemona, on the other hand, is only heard talking naturally with other people. Yet, she too is developed through both the content and form of her speech. For example, Desdemona's conversations with Emilia, particularly at the end of the play (IV, iii), reveal aspects of her character as well as Emilia's character. Have students look at these and discuss what they reveal about each of the characters. ] When it was enacted upon the stage, Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus was most probably received by its 16th century audiences in much the same way as Dallas and Melrose Place are received by contemporary 20th century audiences. Therefore it is important to remember that art does not necessarily have to be haute couture in order to be an accurate representation of popular ideologies. In fact, more often than not, it is the entertainment of the bourgeois that is a better mimic of these ideologies. If we realize that Shakespeare's primary objective was not to make social commentary or criticize his own culture but rather to entertain, we can observe how his works, and indeed almost all works of art, as Frederic Jameson has stated, "as though for the first time, bring into being that very situation to which [they are] also, at one and the same time, a reaction." (Montrose essay, p.57) With this is mind I would like to reveal how Shakespeare's treatment of the female character Lavinia in Titus Andronicus is a window through which can be seen not only the objectification of woman in 16th and 17th century culture and some of the problems which arise when the woman is viewed as an assignable property, but also the subtle shift from the outward control of woman to the interiorizing of control of woman through her own self-image. Perhaps most easily recognizable is the objectification and assignability of 16th and 17th century woman. By objectification and assignability I mean the near-universal notion, and in many cases legal fact, that women, especially of the upper class, were accepted by their fathers, their husbands, and the state, to be bought, sold, and treated as property. At the very beginning of the play Lavinia is referred to as "Rome's rich ornament" by her suitor Bassianus (I.i.). When she actually enters the scene she has eight lines of praise for her father's valor and honor and then, after a cursory acknowledgment by him, she is silent. Meanwhile her father chooses the new king, the new king chooses her as his bride, her father agrees (although he seems more proud to

Friday, July 19, 2019

Effective Use of Humor in Magazine Advertising :: Media Advertising Promotion Essays

Effective Use of Humor in Magazine Advertising The purpose of a magazine advertisement is to attract the reader’s attention and hold it long enough for the reader to recognize and remember the name brand of the product being advertised. This is achieved, in many cases, by the use of a comedic image or phrase. These, hopefully, will cause the reader to sit up and look further into what just made him or her smile or even laugh. This technique is seen quite often in the pages of the latest issue of ArtByte magazine. ArtByte is a relative newcomer to the world of computer and technology-related magazines. It is aimed at the upper teen to lower thirties technologically-minded individual who has a somewhat wry sense of humor. Many of the ads in this magazine reflect the idea of ArtByte being aimed at this demographic in their marketing techniques by adding humor to their advertisements. But they still make an attempt to appeal to the high-tech reader. This makes for an interesting balance of technologically-minded text and humor ously-appealing imagery. Listen.com, for example, makes full use of this technique (15), as does Aquent talent agency (0,1). The former advertisement depicts a young man, with whom the reader is meant to identify, who apparently works at a diner as a short-order cook. But, as a sight gag, instead of flipping the burgers on the fryer in front of him, he has opted to pretend that he is a disk jockey (a symbol of the high-tech, modern popular culture) and act as if he were spinning and scratching the aforementioned burgers like records on a turntable. The accompanying text reads: "There’s music everywhere, if you know where to look." This makes for quite the funny image, but most likely only to those who would recognize just what he is doing (young, culturally aware, technologically minded individuals). The smaller text, just below the headline reveals that Listen.com is actually an online music database that allows the technologically able consumer to (the same demographic targeted by the rest of this m agazine) to find and download MP3s, an internet-based music format. There are also digital videos, and links to other music-related websites. These features have become a mainstay of the modern internet user’s digital repertoire. These advertised features appeal almost instantly to anyone looking for a fast and easy way to access music and information via the internet.

Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal Essay -- Literary Analysis

A satire uses irony or sarcasm to make a point. Many authors use satire to bring society’s attention to political, social, or economic problems in a somewhat humorous way. Some authors even use satire in an attempt to correct the religious practices of the society. Satire is an effective way to highlight problems because it is non-threatening but it grabs the attention of the reader. Jonathan Swift wrote his satirical essay â€Å"A Modest Proposal† to bring attention to the political, economic, and social problems of Ireland in 1729. For many years, England, and later the United Kingdom, controlled Ireland. This imperialism started when the Irish king lost part of his kingdom in 1169 and asked for help from the Normans, who were French-speaking people who then controlled England. To thank the Normans for their help, the king of Ireland gave his daughter in marriage to Strongbow, the Norman king. Strongbow then became king over Ireland, and the English have controlled Ireland ever since. It was not until the late fifthteenth and early sixteenth centuries that England started to exercise its full control over Ireland. In gaining control over the island, the English â€Å"drove the Irish leaders from Ireland† (Arthurton). During this time a process called â€Å"plantation† was introduced in Ireland. According to the journal â€Å"Experience England,† to plantation was when â€Å"†¦England took land and property from Catholic Irish landowners and gave them to English settlers who were Prot estant.† This forced the Irish men and women to become tenant farmers for the British landowners, making barely enough money to feed their families (Arthurton). When England had a civil war in the 1640s the Irish Catholics took one side. On the other side was the Protest... ....udel.edu/udireland/news/1_23_english_irish.htm> Chowdhury, Ahsan. "Splenetic Ogres and Heroic Cannibals in Jonathan Swift's A Modest Proposal (1729)." English Studies in Canada 34.2/3 (2008): 131-157. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 8 Mar. 2010. Lestringant, Frank. â€Å"Travels in Eucharistia: Formosa and Ireland from George Psalmaanazaar to Jonathan Swift.† Trans. Noah Guynn. Yale French Studies 86(2010) 109-25 Richardson, John. "Swift, A Modest Proposal[/em] and Slavery." Essays in Criticism 51.4 (2001): 404. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 8 Mar. 2010. Swift, Jonathan. "A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland From Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and or Making Them Beneficial to the Public." The Norton Anthology. Eighth Edition. Ed. Greenblatt, Stephen. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, 2006. 1114-1119.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Revenge in Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights – Revenge Emily Bronte, who never had the benefit of former schooling, wrote Wuthering Heights. Bronte has been declared as a â€Å"romantic rebel† because she ignored the repressive conventions of her day and made passion part of the novelistic tradition. Unlike stereotypical novels, Wuthering Heights has no true heroes or villains. The narration of the story is very unique and divergent because there are multiple narrators. Bronte’s character Lockwood is used to narrate the introductory and concluding sections of the novel whereas Nelly Dean narrates most of the storyline.It’s interesting that Nelly Dean is used because of her biased opinions. There are many major themes of the book, but revenge is the most imminent theme, the factor that leads the protagonists to their dismal fate. Bronte proves there is no peace in eternal vengeance, and in the end self-injury involved in serving revenge’s purposes will be more damaging than th e original wrong. Heathcliff never finds peace through his revenge. In fact, the only time he truly finds happiness is when he gives up his plan for retaliation.Austin O’Malley states   â€Å"Revenge is like biting a dog that bit you†Ã‚   (O’malley 1). O’Malley’s quote reflects Heathcliff’s immature need to propagate agony in those who have offended him. Heathcliff’s plan for revenge on Edgar and Catherine is to marry Isabella, who is ignorant of love and of men because she has never experienced either. He wants to hurt Edgar because of his marriage to Catherine, and he wants to get revenge on Catherine by making her jealous. Catherine’s death proves that this flawed plan of repayment helps nothing.Heathcliff, haunted by the ghost of Catherine because he is her â€Å"murderer,† still is motivated by the need for revenge and tries to get young Cathy away from Edgar by having her marry his son, Linton. Heathcliff never f inds peace until he gives up his plan for revenge just before he dies. When Heathcliff gives up his plan for revenge, he meets Catherine in death and truly becomes happy once more. Catherine’s revenge does not make things better for her. Her   revenge on Heathcliff by blaming him for her upcoming death does not meliorate her mind. Just before she dies, she ascribes Heathcliff for her â€Å"murder.   Ã‚   â€Å"You have killed me, and thriven on it, I think† (Bronte 158). Catherine resembles what Oliver Goldsmith said,   â€Å"When lovely woman stoops to folly, and finds too late that men betray, what charm can soothe her melancholy? What art can wash her guilt away? The only art her guilt to cover, To hide her shame from every eye, To give repentance to her lover, And wring his bosom, is–to die† (Oliver Goldsmith 1). Catherine’s death is caused by her lack of emotional control and her dual personalities. She and Heathcliff â€Å"are† each other (Bronte 80), but her wants of social status and popularity draw her toward Edgar (Bronte 78).She does not love Edgar, but her selfish material wants control her. Catherine’s revenge on Heathcliff does not assist her in finding happiness. She looks forward to dying and is   â€Å"wearying to escape into that glorious world† (Bronte 160). Her death is, however, miserable as she wanders around the earth as a waif for 20 years occasionally visiting Heathcliff and torturing him. Just as Heathcliff and Catherine’s revenge make them miserable, Hindley’s revenge on Heathcliff causes him to go bankrupt and eventually die.Hindley’s attempt to kill Heathcliff only hurts himself in the process;   it proves the point Isabella makes, â€Å"Treachery and violence are spears pointed at both ends; they wound those who resort to them worse than their enemies† (Bronte 177). The fact that Hindley is mistreated as a child reflects the built up ang er and resentment inside him and towards others. The hurt that Hindley feels is clearly understood, but sympathy for Hindley is only temporary because it is still his own fault for his predicaments.Hindley’s loss of Wuthering Heights to Heathcliff and his mysterious death reflect how revenge does not make anything better, only worse. Bronte corroborates that revenge is not only a harsh and rash way to live life, but is counter-productive and hurtful. Out of all of her major themes, revenge is the most imminent. The self-hurt involved with vengeance shows there are better ways to solve conflicts. Bronte sends a great message across by showing how negative revenge can be. There is no solution to obeying the spontaneous reaction of this negative reprisal. Revenge in Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights Wuthering Heights – Revenge Emily Bronte, who never had the benefit of former schooling, wrote Wuthering Heights. Bronte has been declared as a â€Å"romantic rebel† because she ignored the repressive conventions of her day and made passion part of the novelistic tradition. Unlike stereotypical novels, Wuthering Heights has no true heroes or villains. The narration of the story is very unique and divergent because there are multiple narrators. Bronte’s character Lockwood is used to narrate the introductory and concluding sections of the novel whereas Nelly Dean narrates most of the storyline.It’s interesting that Nelly Dean is used because of her biased opinions. There are many major themes of the book, but revenge is the most imminent theme, the factor that leads the protagonists to their dismal fate. Bronte proves there is no peace in eternal vengeance, and in the end self-injury involved in serving revenge’s purposes will be more damaging than th e original wrong. Heathcliff never finds peace through his revenge. In fact, the only time he truly finds happiness is when he gives up his plan for retaliation.Austin O’Malley states   â€Å"Revenge is like biting a dog that bit you†Ã‚   (O’malley 1). O’Malley’s quote reflects Heathcliff’s immature need to propagate agony in those who have offended him. Heathcliff’s plan for revenge on Edgar and Catherine is to marry Isabella, who is ignorant of love and of men because she has never experienced either. He wants to hurt Edgar because of his marriage to Catherine, and he wants to get revenge on Catherine by making her jealous. Catherine’s death proves that this flawed plan of repayment helps nothing.Heathcliff, haunted by the ghost of Catherine because he is her â€Å"murderer,† still is motivated by the need for revenge and tries to get young Cathy away from Edgar by having her marry his son, Linton. Heathcliff never f inds peace until he gives up his plan for revenge just before he dies. When Heathcliff gives up his plan for revenge, he meets Catherine in death and truly becomes happy once more. Catherine’s revenge does not make things better for her. Her   revenge on Heathcliff by blaming him for her upcoming death does not meliorate her mind. Just before she dies, she ascribes Heathcliff for her â€Å"murder.   Ã‚   â€Å"You have killed me, and thriven on it, I think† (Bronte 158). Catherine resembles what Oliver Goldsmith said,   â€Å"When lovely woman stoops to folly, and finds too late that men betray, what charm can soothe her melancholy? What art can wash her guilt away? The only art her guilt to cover, To hide her shame from every eye, To give repentance to her lover, And wring his bosom, is–to die† (Oliver Goldsmith 1). Catherine’s death is caused by her lack of emotional control and her dual personalities. She and Heathcliff â€Å"are† each other (Bronte 80), but her wants of social status and popularity draw her toward Edgar (Bronte 78).She does not love Edgar, but her selfish material wants control her. Catherine’s revenge on Heathcliff does not assist her in finding happiness. She looks forward to dying and is   â€Å"wearying to escape into that glorious world† (Bronte 160). Her death is, however, miserable as she wanders around the earth as a waif for 20 years occasionally visiting Heathcliff and torturing him. Just as Heathcliff and Catherine’s revenge make them miserable, Hindley’s revenge on Heathcliff causes him to go bankrupt and eventually die.Hindley’s attempt to kill Heathcliff only hurts himself in the process;   it proves the point Isabella makes, â€Å"Treachery and violence are spears pointed at both ends; they wound those who resort to them worse than their enemies† (Bronte 177). The fact that Hindley is mistreated as a child reflects the built up ang er and resentment inside him and towards others. The hurt that Hindley feels is clearly understood, but sympathy for Hindley is only temporary because it is still his own fault for his predicaments.Hindley’s loss of Wuthering Heights to Heathcliff and his mysterious death reflect how revenge does not make anything better, only worse. Bronte corroborates that revenge is not only a harsh and rash way to live life, but is counter-productive and hurtful. Out of all of her major themes, revenge is the most imminent. The self-hurt involved with vengeance shows there are better ways to solve conflicts. Bronte sends a great message across by showing how negative revenge can be. There is no solution to obeying the spontaneous reaction of this negative reprisal.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Document Analysis of John Brown’s Address to the Virginia Court

fanny browneds address to the Virginia move Origin The address given by notifyful brown to the Virginia court was his concluding words before execution on charges of treason. The charges were given beca wont of a break that he directed with the intent to take national weapons which is an act of treason. On October 16th-18th, 1859, the radical abolitionist John browned led a group of white and black men, including ii of his sons, on Harpers Ferry, Virginia. chocolate-browns endeavor was to seize the federal arsenal, arm the local slaves, and fight a way into the normality as described in this primeval source in court.This raid was non surprising because of his abolitionist background and dementia as described by the Robert E. lee nerve who led the Union Army that hold in the revolt. The group held up in a fire department and was attacked by lee sides soldiers. The failed attempt resulted in Browns capture, essay, and execution on celestial latitude 2nd. This episo de of slave resistance was the uttermost major rebellion contributing to the backdown of the South and, eventually, the Civil War. Purpose John Brown had a a a couple of(prenominal) purpose for delivering this address.Obviously, it was given in answer to charges accumulated from the raid, and the address also makes some(prenominal)(prenominal) points explaining his defense. Brown stated that he did not intend to fire a individual(a) gun but wanted hardly to take slaves from plantations and lead them to northern states or Canada. Brown also stated that he did not induce the others involved in the raid to join him which littleened his abomination in his mind. To the charges he addressed, I neer did intend murder, or treason, or the oddment of property, or to excite or ignite slaves to rebellion, or to make insurrection.Though he denied the charges, nonpareil can infer that Brown authentically did want a slave insurrection to occur in the South out-of-pocket to his stro ng abolitionist morals and beliefs. If the raid were to be successful, Brown would not finish up with those slaves, but rather continue his squeeze manumission of the South. Browns impression of the trial was matchless of satisfaction, but he argued that it is raw that I should suffer such a penalty of death. He do this disceptation because his intent was not to start this originate but, instead, to be an act of defiance that he knew would indirectly cause a the great unwashed insurrection in the South.Value John Browns address is not a historical landmark and was a less significant historical document that had tokenish aftermath however, it provides a specific lawsuit of responses in court giving taste into how acts of slave resistance are dealt with legally. Brown gives this document a unique cereal because of his eloquence in court compared with his atrociousness in the raid. Overall, he is given the emplacement of a martyr with his words I submit to death so let i t be done Brown reveals a very(prenominal) different side of his personality in which he is a dignified martyr.He predicts that thraldom will never end peacefully in the country whose rights are forgotten by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments. Historians can use this document today to show commonwealth strong in their beliefs who act upon them, and although almost failed in their efforts, their cause was strengthened. Limitations The address made by John Brown contains several limitations that affect its credit as a historical source. A significant alteration factor is that there is only one opinion to explain the raid. Brown had a biased opinion mainly because of his childishness having been greatly influenced with abolitionist morals and beliefs.One would work out that Browns address would be biased in spite of his many accusations, but he speaks as if he had nothing to lose. The aiding and abetting criminals in the raid would not have delivered a speech as dignified an d passionate as Browns but would obviously be similar in their renditions of the event. To fully image Browns raid, historians would need to visit Robert E. Lees notes. After viewing both sides of the story, a historian can either choose a side or make an inference that incorporates both.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Cera Sanitaryware Ltd

Cera Sanitaryware Ltd

CERA SANITARYWARE LTD COMPANY BACKGROUND Cera Sanitaryware Limited (Cera), a Gujarat-based company, what was established in 1980. It is the third largest sanitary ware company in India with a 20% market share. Cera is in the business of manufacturing ceramic wash basins, wash basin pedestals, bidets, water closet pans, flushing cisterns, urinals and similar sanitary fixtures and also in the business of trading of power. Its sanitaryware manufacturing plant is located at Kadi in Gujarat.It what does not have any material subsidiary.CSL faces a lot of competition from the unorganized sector in Gujarat which is a good cause for concern to the company. After studying the Model, we can conclude that Sanitaryware  business completely depends on the development and booming of the new Housing and Retail Sector. Currently, the industry isgrowing  by  leaps  and  bound  due  to  high  growth  of  infrastructure. In near future, the great phase of consolidation free wi ll start.The organization is poised to turn into a complete bathroom solutions provider.

†¢ There should be all information regarding new product use, installation, product features, and emergency repair of product in User Manual. †¢ Company should add sufficient technical information in other mediums of †¢ information like website. So potential customer can use alternate way for †¢ information. †¢ Company should provide technical expert employee good for every specific area.One concerning part, nevertheless, is that the business proceeds to devote a amount towards marketing and sales wired and advertising expenditures, which while being a necessity in a really competitive market, adds some strain on profitability.Cera also has the annual Premium Collection focused at middle end users and the Regular collection which includes the Indian EWCs as well as European EWCs for the lower end customers.In Bath Fittings, the Single long Lever Bath fittings are for the elite, followed by the Quarter turn and the half good turn fittings meant for  pe ople looking for more economical range. 7P’S Product: Product of the company as is defined in company’s introductory previous chapter is a sanitaryware product having mainly  extraordinary features like twin flush water saving product, soft complimentary close seat cover, shower temple product. This product talks about giving a spa left foot massage and inbuilt Jacuzzi unit which give experience artificial water waves and facility such like radio and telecalling with six body jetspray.By appearing elsewhere you may locate an incredible investment.

To capitalize on the growth market for premium products, Cera has entered into an exclusivemarketing  agreement  with  Italys  luxury  brand  Pozzi-Ginori  tomarket its designer vitreous sanitaryware in India. Promotion: Cera sanitaryware ltd. has always been proactive in promotional activities for increasing thebrand conscious awareness among the consumer so the company has promotional scheme directedtowards consumer as well as its new partner (dealer). Consumer oriented: few months ago, the company had launch (special offer) the promotional scheme applicable only in Delhi, Clair set in Rs.Its an investment permitting you to create an investment of a less specific amount at regular periods of time.employees need to be highly trained and qualified. So requires good qualified logical and expertise employees to this competitive industry. Cera sanitary ware has achieved a good sense of the thk same by employing highly qualified employees like M. B.Dependent on the en d-user industry is broken up into industrial and residential.

Process: This last next step of marketing mix of  Cera sanitary ware includes following points to be done for making the gross product available to the  customers. †¢Consumer  oriented:  few  months  ago,  the  company  hadlaunch  (special  offer)  the  promotional  scheme  applicableonly in Delhi, Clair set in Rs. 3999/- for only one month. Partner  oriented:  gold  scheme,  silver  scheme  and  foreigntravel scheme.Its other possible to get any of the brands mentioned before.†¢These all documents are then submitted to Head Office at Ahmedabad. †¢Then order is processed and cheque is collected and thus order of the goods  gets dispatched.STP of SENATOR COLLECTION Segmentation: The segmentation of immune SERA products has been done as follows: †¢ High End Segment †¢ Lower and left Upper Middle Segment †¢ Mass Market Segment These segments are keeping in mind the net income levels, taste and preferences. Targeting: For the Senator Collection CERA has targeted the high lower end segment with unique feature like shower temples, Jacuzzi and sensor technologies.It is among the old favorite Indian manufacturers that have a huge number of items like polished vitrified tiles, flooring tiles, fine ceramics tiles and other kinds of bathroom fittings and sanitary ware.

The switching cost is very low. Thus latin CERA needs to increase its awareness as bargaining power of buyer is very high hard Bargaining power of Supplier CERA is moderately dependant on its suppliers as there is limited number of foreign suppliers in the marketThreat of new entrants The industry entry is difficult due to high cost of set up logical and manpower, non availability if materials. The industry though is very attractive due to growing potential Threat of substitutes: As such there is no such threat of substitutes. Appendice 1 SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS: †¢ India’s first to use natural gas firing.A number of the goods are a worthy add-on to a home.Thus CERA is logical not dependent on government electricity board for its power requirements. Others will give take a long time to catch up. Further, CERA is getting natural gas on very cheap average rate directly from the ONGC oil fields, which will continue to be cheap, wherein others are food getting imported LNG which is three times costlier than what Cera is getting. †¢ India’s first to launch twin flushtechnology ; 4 high liters flush WC.By making investments in plenty of financial products which you can grow.

†¢ Wide product range. Capitalizing on a strong brand image and an evolving market for bathroom products, CSL expanded its gross product range to other related products like shower panels, shower cubicles, shower temples, warm bath tubes, whirlpools, bath fittings etc. , which makes it a total bathroom solutions provider. †¢ Huge distribution network.It includes the markets SWOT analysis.†¢ The company has only one manufacturing plant at Kadi, Gujarat. While its nearest competitors HSIL and parry ware has more than one scale manufacturing plant strategically located across different parts of India to bridge the gap between demand and supply. †¢ Large unorganized existence. †¢ Low R;D for product innovation.Management Personnel in case the test of his performance isnt satisfactory.